古希腊παιδαγωγός和古罗马paedagogus与教师一样，是希腊罗马社会的教育者，是儿童成长过程中的陪伴者。本文将以古典文献等史料为主要依据，系统分析古希腊παιδαγωγός群体和古罗马paedagogus群体的各个侧面，全面展现这两个群体，并以此定位这两个群体在古典教育中的作用。本文首先从词源学的角度探讨古希腊语παιδαγωγός和拉丁语paedagogus的中英文译法。古希腊语παιδαγωγός和拉丁语paedagogus的英文译法有多种，文中通过分析和考证得出：拉丁文本身paedagogus、pedagogue和παιδαγωγός的拉丁化词paidagogos能够很好地诠释希腊文παιδαγωγός及拉丁文paedagogus的具体所指含义。由于语言上的障碍，国内译者大多是根据英文材料翻译这一古希腊语和拉丁语的，所以不可避免出现各种译法，根据深入释义，“教仆”一词准确诠释了古希腊语παιδαγωγός和拉丁语paedagogus的含义。其次本文从这两个群体产生时间、传播过程以及他们的承担者、具体职责和他们在古典教育中的地位几个方面分别加以论述。根据古典文献记载，我们可以推测古希腊παιδαγωγός群体在梭伦改革时代即公元前6世纪已经存在，到古典时代使用或雇佣这一群体在希腊各城邦已经是一种比较普遍的现象。随着罗马征服希腊各城邦，由于受希腊使用或雇佣παιδαγωγός群体的影响，罗马家庭也开始雇佣或使用paedagogus群体。这两个群体通常由年老的男性奴隶担任，主要职责是陪伴孩子上学，携带孩子的学习工具，保护他们的人身安全，并监督其日常行为。由于这一群体的奴隶身份及较低的素质，古典学者对其评价褒贬不一，现代学者也是如此。从整个历史进程来看，这两个群体在古典教育中起到重要作用，规范了儿童的行为，促进了孩子的智力发展，更为重要的是，这两个群体作为文化的载体，扮演了文化传播的角色。

Пαιδαγωγός and paedagogus play similar roles like Greek and Roman teachers. They are the educators of Greek and Roman society and the accompanies in children’s developing process. This thesis aims at analyzing every respect of the παιδαγωγός group in ancient Greece and the paedagogus group in ancient Rome systematically; and demonstrates these two groups comprehensively and by using the historical data such as the classical texts and so on.First of all, this thesis discusses the Chinese and English translations of the Greek παιδαγωγός and Latin paedagogus by using the etymologic method. There are many English translations of the word παιδαγωγός. We can educe that the Latin paedagogus, pedagogue and the Latin word paidagogos which is from the Greek παιδαγωγός interpret the specific referential sense of the Greek παιδαγωγός and Latin paedagogus commendably by analysis and textual research. Because of the limitation of the language, many Chinese scholars translate Greek and Latin languages according to the English texts, so it inevitably leads to kinds of the translations. By in-depth interpretation, the word “pedagogue” coincides with the meaning of the Greek παιδαγωγός and Latin paedagogus accurately.Secondly, this thesis discusses the generating time of these two groups, the undertaker, the specific responsibilities and the status in classical education respectively. According to classical texts, we can see that the Greek παιδαγωγός group had already existed in the period of Solon, in other words in the 6th century BC. In the classical era, using or employing the παιδαγωγός group was a relatively common phenomenon. After the Roman conquered Greek city-states, they also started to use or employ the paedagogus group under the Greek influence. Their main duties were to accompany children to school, bring the child's learning tools, protect their personal safety and monitor their behavior.On account of the slave status and their low quality, classical scholars have different opinions on their roles, so are the modern scholars. Looking at the whole historical process, these two groups played important roles in classical education, and they regulated the behavior of the children, promoted the child's intellectual development. More importantly, as the carrier of culture, the two groups played the role of cultural transmission.