本文旨在以骈散关系为中心，探讨清代前期的文章批评与写作实践。本文所说的“清前期”，指顺治、康熙两朝（1644—1722）。根据历代文家对骈散关系的几种不同取向，结合清前期文学发展的实际情况，本文分别选取钱谦益、陈维崧、魏禧、汪琬四人进行个案研究，以期由点及面地考察清前期以骈散关系为中心的文章批评与写作实践的演进趋向与文化内涵。

第一章以钱谦益为研究对象，因为他具有“兼用骈散”的倾向。本章通过梳理钱谦益文学观念的转变过程，分析他的骈散观念与写作实践之间的种种矛盾，透过骈散关系来揭示他的文坛领袖策略，并观照明末清初之际古学重振与骈体复兴两股潮流并行发展的局面。第二章以陈维崧为研究对象。作为清前期最具影响力的骈文家，陈维崧是当时“重骈轻散”的代表。明末清初骈文兴盛、古风重振，文坛形成“骈散相对”的文学观念，陈维崧在此背景下，从骈文写作与文学批评两方面有效地提升了骈体的地位。第三章以魏禧为研究对象，因为他是清前期“重散轻骈”的代表。魏禧选择终身布衣、不仕清廷，作为遗民文人，秉持“持循而变通”的原则，形成以古文为本位的文学观念，并以古文文体精神为基准，灵活而巧妙地运用修辞技巧，分别对制义、策论、四六等文体进行了改造。第四章以汪琬为研究对象。汪琬同样秉承古文家“重散轻骈”的普遍倾向，但根因于其士大夫的社会身份，自觉地以“化骈于散”的写作方式使文章具有端严的台阁之气。汪琬的骈散观念及写作实践与清初官方政策相契合，因此他的文章被推为清前期的典范，昭示了清文的发展方向。

本文通过以上四个个案研究，遵循历史与逻辑相统一的方法，通过以点带面的方式，从文学本位入手，挖掘清前期骈散关系演变背后的文化内涵，即汉文明与满清政权两股势力的博弈在文学层面的表现。明亡之后，文人普遍将明文与明亡关联起来，“经世致用”成为主流思潮，如何承继以明政府为政权归属、以江南地区为文化代表的汉文明成为汉族士人本位的思考对象；而清政府的文化策略也针对明文与明亡的种种教训，在此基础上力图创立盛世清文。二者在政治层面虽处于对立状态，却在对明文的批判过程中产生了多层面的合流。汉族士人试图保持自身文明的优越性，而清政府则极力证明自身统治的合法性，并试图对汉族士人进行文化“收编”。清前期骈散关系的演变，恰恰从一个方面呈现出以江南为中心的汉文明与满清政权的对峙、交锋与交流、互渗。

This paper aims to focus on the relationship between Pian and San, and to explore the criticism and writing practice in the early Qing Dynasty. The "early Qing Dynasty" in this paper refers to Emperor Shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi dynasties (1644—1722). According to the different orientations of the writers of previous dynasties on the relationship between Pian and San, combined with the actual situation of the literature development in the early Qing Dynasty, this paper chooses Qian Qianyi, Chen Weisong, Wei Xi and Wang Wan to conduct case study, in order to investigate the evolution trend and cultural connotation of the criticism and writing practice centered on the relationship between Pian and San in the early Qing Dynasty.

The first chapter takes Qian Qianyi as the research object, because he has the tendency of "mixing Pian and San". This chapter analyzes the contradiction between Qian Qianyi's literary concept and his writing practice, reveals his literary leader strategy through the relationship between Pian and San, and looks at the situation of the parallel development of the two trends of the revival of ancient learning and the revival of parallel style in the change from Ming to Qing Dynasty.

The second chapter takes Chen Weisong as the research object. As the most influential parallel prose writer in the early Qing Dynasty, Chen Weisong is the representative of "emphasizing Pian and despising San". In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the parallel prose style was flourishing and the ancient style was revived. The literary concept of "Pian-San is relatively different" was formed in the literary world. Under this background, Chen Weisong effectively promoted the position of parallel prose from two aspects: writing practice and literary criticism.

The third chapter takes Wei Xi as the research object, because he is the representative of "emphasizing San and despising Pian" in the early Qing Dynasty. Wei Xi chosed not to be official in Qing Dynasty. As the remains of the people, Wei Xi adheres to the principle of "keeping the following and changing", forms the literary concept based on the ancient literature, and uses the rhetoric skills flexibly and cleverly based on the spirit of the ancient style, and respectively transforms the style of meaning, scheming and the forth six. The fourth chapter takes Wang Wan as the research object.

Wang Wan also adheres to the general tendency of the ancient writers to " emphasizing San and despising Pian ", but because of his social status as a scholar, Wang Wan is the representative of court literature. Wang Wan is in line with the official policies in the early Qing Dynasty. Therefore, his article was promoted as a model in the early Qing Dynasty, which shows the development direction of Qing Dynasty.

Through the above four case studies, this paper follows the method of unifying history and logic, and explores the cultural connotation behind the evolution of the relationship between Pian and San in the early Qing Dynasty, namely, the performance of the game between the two forces of Han civilization and Manchu Qing regime at the literary level. After the Ming Dynasty, scholars generally associated the plaintext with the Ming Dynasty, and the philosophy of pragmatism became the mainstream trend of thought. How to inherit the Han civilization which took the Ming government as the power and the south of China as the Cultural Representative became the object of thinking of the Han Scholars' standard. The cultural strategy of the Qing government also aimed at the lessons of the Ming Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, and on this basis, they tried to create the prosperous Qing Dynasty. Although they are in opposition at the political level, they have produced multi-level confluence in the process of criticism of plaintext. The Han scholars tried to maintain their own superiority of civilization, while the Qing government tried to prove the legitimacy of their own rule, and tried to incorporate the Han Scholars' culture into their own forces. The evolution of parallel prose relationship in the early Qing Dynasty shows the confrontation, confrontation and exchange and mutual infiltration between the Han civilization centered on the south of the Yangtze River and the Manchu Qing regime.