作为21世纪社会所需要的重要人才资源，拔尖创新人才在国际竞争中的关键地位日益凸显。加之教育领域的“素养热”，世界上各主要国家、国际组织以及顶尖高校都在密切关注拔尖创新人才的发展动向，对其应当具备的素养提出要求，并在实践中不断探索、完善拔尖创新人才的选拔及培养模式。本研究通过内容分析法对世界主要国家及国际组织近十五年来发布的关于人才培养和科技创新的最新重要文件，以及2021QS排名前100名高校官方网站中的使命、愿景和核心价值陈述、发展策略规划、校训以及校长致辞这三类文本资料进行编码分析，建构起包含核心基础、稳固素养、变革素养这三大层级以及多项重要指标在内的全球视野下新时代拔尖创新人才素养结构体系，梳理了各层级维度之间的关系，并基于该体系的逻辑线索对不同主体视角下拔尖创新人才素养结构的共性与差异进行了比较分析，更加深入地探索和剖析了拔尖创新人才素养结构的丰富内涵。最后，本文还充分反思了研究存在的不足，并对拔尖创新人才素养结构理论研究与中国话语下的实践进行了展望。

As an important human resource required by the 21st century society, the key position of top-notch innovative talents in international competition has become increasingly prominent. In addition to the "competence fever" in the field of education, major countries, international organizations and top universities in the world are closely following the development trends of top-notch innovative talents, putting forward requirements for them, and continue to explore and improve the selection and training mode of top-notch innovative talents in practice. This research used content analysis to analyze three types of textual materials, including the latest important documents on talent training and technological innovation issued in the past 15 years by major countries and international organizations, as well as the mission, vision and core value statements, the development strategy planning, school motto, and the principal’s speech of the top 100 universities in the 2021QS Ranking. Those materials are coded and analyzed to construct a system of competence structure for top-notch innovative talents in the new era under a global perspective, including core foundations, competencies, and transformation competencies, as well as multiple important indicators, sorting out the relationship between various dimensions. Then the researcher made a comparative analysis of the commonalities and differences in the competence structure of top-notch innovative talents from different subjects’ perspectives based on the logical clues of the system, then made a more in-depth exploration of its rich connotation. Finally, this article also fully reflected on the shortcomings of this research, and prospected the theoretical research on the competence structure of top-notch innovative talents and the practice under the Chinese discourse.