当今互联网技术飞速发展，已成为人类社会的不可或缺的重要组成部分。同 时，新型犯罪也在互联网中滋生蔓延，网络型侮辱罪和诽谤罪就是其中之一。面 对不断滋生的网络犯罪，亟待厘清网络侮辱诽谤罪在司法适用中的争议。本文对 2018 年—2023 年的侮辱罪、诽谤罪进行实证分析，内容涵盖网络侮辱诽谤犯罪 的认定问题、量刑问题、诉讼问题等内容。具体如下：

第一部分选取合适样本进行统计分析，制定具体研究思路。其中包括研究方 案和研究案例样本，剔除未公开样本及不入网样本，对网络侮辱诽谤罪近年来总 体情况进行初步考察。

第二部分结合相关司法案例从网络侮辱诽谤犯罪的认定问题入手进行司法

考察。首先是针对侮辱罪的认定问题进行考察，其中包括侮辱罪的公然侮辱、方 法行为、情节严重的认定标准。其次是针对诽谤罪的认定问题进行考察，该部分 涵盖了传统诽谤罪的认定标准及网络诽谤罪的认定标准。其中包括诽谤罪捏造事 实的行为、诽谤的对象、诽谤罪的情节严重三个方面。

第三部分从侮辱诽谤犯罪的量刑问题进行司法考察，并在立法层面和司法层 面提出建议。主要包括传统侮辱诽谤犯罪和网络型侮辱诽谤犯罪量刑适用问题进 行考察，并通过对不同变量来统计分析当前我国刑罚适用的具体情况，以此来考 察有关网络型侮辱诽谤犯罪量刑方面的不足。其中包括整体处刑偏轻、对传统侮 辱诽谤犯罪的处罚比网络侮辱诽谤犯罪的处罚重的问题，这是值得在今后司法改 革中考量的重点。

第四部分就网络侮辱诽谤犯罪的诉讼问题进行司法考察。一方面分析侮辱罪 诽谤罪的自诉和公诉情况。另一方面讨论并解决存在的三个问题“严重危害社 会秩序和国家利益”的认定；自诉转公诉的程序问题；公安机关协助被害人提供 自诉证据的问题。以期用法律的规范性取代诉讼过程中的随意性。

Nowadays, with the rapid development of Internet technology, it has become an indispensable part of human society. At the same time, new types of crimes are also breeding and spreading on the Internet, including online insults and defamation. Faced with the continuous proliferation of cybercrime, it is urgent to clarify the controversy surrounding the judicial application of cybercrime of insult and defamation. This article conducts an empirical analysis of the crimes of insult and defamation from 2018 to 2023, covering issues related to the identification, sentencing, and litigation of online insult and defamation crimes. The specific situation is as follows:

The first part selects appropriate samples for statistical analysis and develops specific research ideas. This includes research plans and case samples, excluding unpublished and non online samples, and conducting a preliminary examination of the overall situation of online insult and defamation crimes in recent years.

The second part combines relevant judicial cases to conduct a judicial investigation from the perspective of the identification of cyberbullying and defamation crimes. Firstly, an examination will be conducted on the issue of determining the crime of insult, which includes the criteria for determining the blatant insult, method behavior, and serious circumstances of the crime of insult. Secondly, an examination will be conducted on the issue of determining the crime of defamation, which covers the criteria for determining traditional defamation and online defamation. This includes three aspects: the act of fabricating facts in the crime of defamation, the object of defamation, and the severity of the circumstances in the crime of defamation.

The third part conducts a judicial examination on the sentencing issue of insult and defamation crimes, and puts forward suggestions at the legislative and judicial levels. This mainly includes examining the sentencing application issues of traditional insult and defamation crimes and network type insult and defamation crimes, and analyzing the specific situation of the current penalty application in China through statistical analysis of different variables, in order to examine the shortcomings in sentencing related to network type insult and defamation crimes. This includes the issue of lenient overall punishment and heavier punishment for traditional insult and defamation crimes than online insult and defamation crimes, which is a key consideration in future judicial reform.

The fourth part conducts a judicial examination on the litigation issues of cyberbullying and defamation crimes. On the one hand, analyze the situation of self prosecution and public prosecution of the crime of insult and defamation. On the other hand, discuss and solve three existing problems: Identification of serious harm to social order and national interests; The procedural issues of converting private prosecution to public prosecution; The issue of public security organs assisting victims in providing evidence for self prosecution. In order to replace the arbitrariness in the litigation process with the normative nature of the law.