工伤保险在我国是一种强制型社会保险，为职工办理工伤保险的责任主要在用人单位一方。尽管中央政策文件明确规定，用人单位必须给包括农民工在内的劳动者办理工伤保险，缴纳工伤保险费，同时全国多个省市也出台了专门针对农民工工伤保险的政策文件，但用人单位给农民工办理工伤保险的情况仍不容乐观。鉴于此，本文从政策和企业的视角出发，探讨以下问题：（1）哪些因素对企业给农民工办理工伤保险有影响；（2）各个因素是如何影响企业给农民工办理工伤保险的。本文采用实证研究的方法，所用资料来源于北京师范大学2009年在昆山、温州、郴州、重庆、兰州、北京、天津等十个城市的农民工养老保险调查，本次调查共收到有效问卷3848份。在控制了农民工个人特征后，采用Logit回归模型，从政策和企业的视角出发，探讨企业给农民工办理工伤保险的影响因素。研究结果表明，政策和企业因素对企业给农民工办理工伤保险有显著影响。政策方面：（1）如果政策将未达到劳动年龄的劳动者纳入工伤保险体系，将增加企业给农民工办理工伤保险的可能性；（2）如果政策将只具有事实劳动关系的农民工纳入工伤保险体系，将降低企业给农民工办理工伤保险的可能性；（3）对个体工商户参加工伤保险的政策越具体详尽，则企业给农民工办理工伤保险的可能性越大；（4）工伤保险基金的统筹水平越高，则企业给农民工办理工伤保险的可能性越大；（5）工伤保险待遇的偿付方式对企业给农民工办理工伤保险有显著影响。如果农民工可选择一次性享受工伤偿付且没有伤残等级或户口的限制，则企业给该农民工办理工伤保险的可能性会增加。企业方面：（1）如果农民工所在企业建有工会，则企业给农民工办理工伤保险的可能性会增加；（2）企业所在行业对企业给农民工办理工伤保险影响不显著；（3）企业所有制对企业给农民工办理工伤保险有显著影响。相对于企事业单位的农民工，私企的农民工参加工伤保险的可能性会降低15%，私企中的个体工商户的农民工参加工伤保险的可能性会降低23%。外企和其他所有制企业的影响不显著。最后，根据研究结果，本文提出以下建议：（1）各地劳动行政部门应对用人单位的用工情况进行清查，禁止用人单位非法招聘和使用童工；（2）各地在出台工伤保险政策文件时，应明确规定用人单位应为与其建立劳动关系，包括事实劳动关系的职工或雇工办理工伤保险，缴纳工伤保险费；（3）省级政府应明确规定有雇工的个体工商户参加工伤保险的具体办法和步骤，减少政策执行环节；（4）提高工伤保险基金的统筹水平，进一步完善有关农民工参保、关系转移、续接、工伤保险待遇支付等方面政策；（5）进一步放宽农民工工伤待遇的偿付方式，对跨地区流动就业的农民工，工伤后的长期待遇可试行一次性支付和长期支付两种方式，供工伤农民工选择；（6）积极鼓励和帮助农民工加入工会等维权组织, 提高农民工的组织化程度；（7）将私企、个体工商户作为农民工参加工伤保险的扩面重点，实行企业参加工伤保险生产经营准入制。

Work injury insurance is of great significance to migrant workers, and purchasing this insurance for migrant workers is an obligation for enterprises stipulated by the law. However, in fact, quite few enterprises had purchased this insurance for the migrant workers they employed. This article aimed to explore the following two questions: (1) what were the factors influencing enterprises’ purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed; (2) how and to what extent these factors were influencing their purchase. This article was based on the migrant worker survey from Beijing Normal University on old-age pension insurance in 2009.Utilizing convenience sampling design, a nationally representative sample of 3848 of the Chinese migrant workers was studied. Factors influencing participation of work-related injury insurance were determined using Logit regression models in perspective of policies and enterprises.The results showed that factors associated with policies and enterprises had significant impact enterprises’ purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed. In perspective of policies: (1) if the policies included migrant workers under legal working age, enterprises would be more likely to purchase work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed; (2) if the policies included migrant workers who did not sign a contract with the enterprises, enterprises would be more likely to purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed; (3) the policies on self-employed business had significant impact on enterprises’ purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed; (4) the funding level of work-related injury insurance had significant impact on enterprises’ purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed; (5) the payment of work-related injury insurance had significant impact on enterprises’ purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed.In perspective of enterprises: (1) if the enterprise had established labor union, enterprises would be more likely to purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed; (2) the industries of different enterprises had no significant impact on enterprises’ purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed; (3) the ownership of the enterprise had significant impact on enterprises’ purchase of work injury insurance for the migrant workers they employed.To face the challenge of the low participation rate of work-related injury insurance among migrant workers, specific polices proposals were put forward:(1)work administration department should check the labor using of enterprises, and forbid using of children workers; (2) policies should include migrant workers who did not sign a contract with the enterprises into the insurance system; (3) provincial government should specify insurance policies on self-employed business; (4) to improve the funding level to assure the transfer of work insurance of migrant workers; (5)to provide more reimbursement options for migrant workers. Workers migrating across provinces should freely choose either one-time reimbursement or long-term reimbursement; (6) to encourage and support migrant workers to join labor union; (7) provincial government should especially focus on private and self-employed business, and only allow license to enterprises which already bought work injury insurance for their employees.