《字彙》是中國字書發展史上影響深遠的一部楷書字典，之後的《正字通》《康熙字典》都是在它的基礎上編纂而成的。《字彙》貯存了豐富的文字材料，并對相關的字進行字際關係的溝通，“同某”“與某同”是作者用來溝通字際關係的一組重要用語，這組用語的使用既有相同點，又有不同的地方。本文以《字彙》一書用“同某”“與某同”進行溝通的字組為研究對象，首先，結合作者的編纂理念分析作者使用這組用語的意圖，然後分別考察“同某”“與某同”的內涵，《字彙•子集》用“同某”進行溝通的共148組，其中有異體字144組；用“與某同”進行溝通的共238組，其中有職能分化字84組，同音借用字78組，異體字64組。最後，我們結合作者使用這組用語的意圖及其內涵，對“同某”“與某同”的實際使用情況進行評價，分析其成就與不足。

ZiHui （《字彙》）is a regular script dictionary which has a far-reaching impact in the history of the development of the dictionary, after ZiHui, ZhengZitong （《正字通》）and KangXi Dictionary（《康熙字典》）are all based on a compilation of. ZiHui store a wealth of character materials, Indicating the relationship between the two words,“同X”and“與X同”are two important terms to describe the word relationships between Relating Characters. These two terms have both similarities and differences. This article extracted the word groups which described with “同X”or“與X同”as the research object. First of all, analysis the purpose of using these two terms combined with the author's codification concept. Then, we respectively researched the connotation of these two terms. According to our survey there are a total of 148 groups characters are described with the term of “同X”in the first chapter of ZiHui,Including 144 groups of variant; a total of 238 groups of characters are described with the term of“與X同” in the first chapter，of which the words of the functions of differentiation 84 groups, homonyms borrowed words 78 groups and 64 groups variant.Finally, we combined the author's codification concept and the connotation of these two terms; Evaluated of the author's actual usage situation and analysis of the achievements and shortcomings.