经济危机可以定义为在资本主义生产活动中周期性地爆发生产过剩危机的情况，随着资本主义生产方式的产生和发展，经济危机慢慢出现并逐渐演变成资本主义生产方式的一种周期性规律，能够在较长时间内对一国甚至多国乃至全世界的经济造成波动。经济危机的屡次爆发无疑已经变成了当前全球经济增长的一大阻碍，更是我们需要解决的难题。古典经济学家与现代西方经济学家基于他们所生活的时代，都对经济危机做出了不同程度的解释，但是理解和看法都不尽相同，由于阶级立场等原因，他们都没能从资本主义制度的根本层面找到经济危机发生的根源。马克思所生活的年代，资本主义还处于自由发展时期，马克思通过对当时英国和德国经济发展情况的深入探索，形成了马克思经济危机理论，他站在无产阶级人民大众的立场上，以资本主义社会的基本矛盾为出发点，揭露了资本主义经济危机爆发的深层次根源以及资本主义制度固有的不足之处，阐明了共产主义必然取代资本主义的历史趋势。通过阅读和分析国内外相关研究成果，本文总结了国内外关于马克思经济危机理论的研究现状和不足之处，在此基础上对马克思经济危机理论重新做出了梳理，并与其他经济学家的经济危机理论进行了比较研究，进一步验证马克思经济危机理论的科学性和正确性。同时，本文立足对当前世界和中国经济发展状况的观察和分析，提出了有利于推动世界和中国经济发展的建议和举措。

本文的内容主要被划分为五个章节。第一章是绪论。这部分主要明确了本文的研究目的和研究意义，分析了国内外关于马克思经济危机理论的研究现状，概括了本文的主要研究内容和所采用的研究方法，指明了本文的创新和不足之处。

第二章主要探讨了马克思经济危机理论诞生的时代背景及其理论来源。伴随着机器设备的出现和广泛应用以及机器大工业的发展，资本主义社会的生产力快速增长，这不仅加速了生产的社会化进程，同时也使得生产力与生产关系之间的矛盾冲突变得更为尖锐，导致经济危机屡见不鲜。一些古典经济学家和空想社会主义者也曾对经济危机做出自己的解释，但并没有认识到经济危机的本质和根源，并没有从根本上找到方法来解决经济危机这一难题。在这样的时代背景与社会背景之下，马克思创立了经济危机理论。

第三章是马克思经济危机理论的形成发展和主要内容。马克思经济危机理论的形成发展经历了四个主要的历史时期，包括马克思早期文本著作的萌芽初探时期、经济危机理论的初步创立和发展时期、深化政治经济学研究的逐步成熟时期、后来马克思主义者的延伸和拓展时期，本文从文本的角度依次梳理了马克思经济危机理论的整个历史发展过程。马克思经济危机理论的主要内容包含了以下四个方面，即经济危机的可能性与现实性、经济危机的表现形式及影响、经济危机产生的根源与实质、经济危机的周期性，通过对这几个方面的逐步深入研究，我们将对马克思经济危机理论有一个整体性的把握。

第四章是马克思经济危机理论的现代比较。关于经济危机问题，许多经济学家都具有不同的观点和看法，本文主要探讨了凯恩斯主义和新自由主义的观点，并与马克思经济危机理论进行比较，说明了马克思经济危机理论与它们的区别，证明了马克思的经济危机理论至今仍然具有科学性和正确性，它仍然是我们指导经济发展的科学理论和行动指南。

第五章是马克思经济危机理论的现实意义。社会生活在本质上是实践的，人类社会赖以生存和发展的前提是物资资料的生产，无论是马克思所生活的时代还是我们现在所处的时代，这些都是亘古不变的道理。因此，从资本主义社会的物质资料生产过程出发，即从资本主义生产方式的深层次角度来分析经济危机的发生机制，这已经在一定程度上证明了马克思经济危机理论的科学性和正确性。所以，马克思经济危机理论必将在历史的长河中熠熠生辉。

Economic crisis can be defined as the situation in which the crisis of overproduction periodically breaks out in capitalist production activities. With the emergence and development of capitalist production mode, economic crisis gradually emerges and gradually evolves into a cyclical law of capitalist production mode, which can cause fluctuations to the economy of one country, even many countries and even the whole world in a long period of time. The recurrent emergence of economic crisis has clearly emerged as a significant hindrance to the ongoing worldwide economic expansion, and it is a difficult problem that we need to solve. Both classical economists and modern western economists have given different explanations to the economic crisis based on The Times in which they live, but they have different understandings and views. Due to the class stance and other reasons, they have failed to find the root cause of the economic crisis from the fundamental level of the capitalist system. When Marx lived, capitalism was still in the period of free development. Through in-depth exploration of the economic development of Britain and Germany at that time, Marx formed Marx’s economic crisis theory. He stood on the position of the proletarian people and took the basic contradictions of capitalist society as the starting point. It reveals the deep root causes of the outbreak of the capitalist economic crisis and the inherent inadequacies of the capitalist system, and clarifies the historical trend that communism will inevitably replace capitalism. This paper, through an analysis of pertinent domestic and international research findings, encapsulates the current state and limitations of Marx’s economic crisis theory, both domestically and internationally, and reorganizes Marx’s theory. At the same time, this paper makes a comparative study with the economic crisis theory of other economists to further verify the scientificity and correctness of Marx’s economic crisis theory. Drawing from the study and evaluation of the global and Chinese economic growth, this paper proposes strategies and actions aimed at fostering the economic advancement of both the world and China.

This paper is structured into five distinct chapters. Opening this chapter serves as the introductory section. This section primarily elucidates this paper’s research objectives and importance, examines the status of Marx’s economic crisis concept domestically and internationally, surveys the key research material and methodologies utilized in this study, and highlights both the novelties and limitations of this paper.

Chapter two primarily examines the historical context and theoretical roots behind Marx’s economic crisis theory. The swift growth of capitalist society’s productive capacities is due to the advent and extensive use of machinery and equipment, along with the growth of major machine industries. This hastens the production’s socialization and intensifies contradictions and clashes between production forces and relations, often leading to economic turmoil. Some classical economists and utopian socialists have also made their own explanations for the economic crisis, but they did not recognize the nature and root causes of the economic crisis, and did not find a fundamental way to solve the problem of economic crisis. Against this backdrop, Marx developed the theory of economic crisis.  

Chapter three is the formation, development, and main content of Marx’s theory of economic crisis. The formation and development of Marx’s theory of economic crisis has gone through four major historical periods, including the period of embryonic and initial exploration of Marx’s early texts, the initial establishment and development of economic crisis theory, the gradual maturity period of deepening the study of political economy, and the extension and expansion period of later Marxists. The main contents of Marx’s theory of economic crisis include the following four aspects, namely, the possibility and reality of economic crisis, the manifestation and impact of economic crisis, the root cause and essence of economic crisis, and the periodicity of economic crisis.

Chapter four is a modern comparison of Marx’s theory of economic crisis. This paper systematically expounds the views of Keynesianism and Neo-liberalism on economic crisis, compares Marx’s theory of economic crisis with them, explains the difference between Marx’s theory of economic crisis and them, and proves that Marx’s theory of economic crisis is still scientific and correct, and it is still a scientific theory and action guide for us to guide economic development.

Chapter five is the practical significance of Marx’s theory of economic crisis. Social life is practical in nature, and the premise for the survival and development of human society is the production of material materials. Therefore, starting from the production process of material materials in capitalist society, that is, analyzing the mechanism of economic crisis from the deep-seated angle of the capitalist mode of production has proved the scientificity and correctness of Marx’s theory of economic crisis to a certain extent. Therefore, Marx’s theory of economic crisis is bound to shine brightly in the long river of history.