争论和分歧是教育领域以及学校体育领域常见的棘手现象，其实质反应的就是事物发展进程中的矛盾动力机制。学校体育在发展过程中存在很多争论，走了很多弯路，矛盾是课程教学的理论基础，并在改革发展的进程中，反复出现。例如：在体育课程教学中，存在着“知识掌握与能力培养”“增强体质与兴趣培养”“技术至上与淡化技术”“技术掌握与技术运用”等争论和矛盾，是体育课程教学发展中的热点理论问题。争论双方，任意一方获胜，都会走向极端，从一个极端走向另一个极端，不论走向哪个极端都会产生失衡，导致核心目标失衡。平衡理论对争论、矛盾具有理论指引与实践指导的方法论意义。通过对体育课程教学发展过程中失衡的现象，提出了平衡理论的适切性、迫切性、可行性，以及内涵性等理念。研究认为，“非此即彼”不能走上改革的康庄大道，多元化发展理念需要理念相携。平衡理论的核心是矛盾论，其理念指向是有效教学理论，其实施方略是比例哲学。平衡理论在价值导向上的哲学价值、在实践指导上的管理学思维，确立其具有哲学、管理学的理念。

本研究主要运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、案例分析法等研究方法展开研究。一、在理论上，本研究将哲学、社会学等学科领域的平衡理论进行梳理，梳理了综合学科视角下平衡理论的基本理念。一是，哲学视角下，以中庸的“用中”“过犹不及”“恰如其分”为核心理念，以黄金分割点的比例哲学为基础，以“矛盾的均衡点”为依据，提出了矛盾最优化的核心是“平衡点”的确定，内涵管理学视角的比例思维。二是，以“用中”和“平衡点等为基础，结合螺旋结构的数学、哲学等理念，推演出事物发展结构，即矛盾的双螺旋结构。上述综合学科的理论为本研究提供了丰富的解释视角。因此，总结出平衡理论的基本框架。二、本研究以体育课程设计为核心理念，通过对体育课程设计的内涵、基础理论的探索、进行平衡理论下体育课程设计的应用研究，诠释平衡理论的适用性以及可行性。三、以“技术掌握与技术运用”矛盾为例，进行平衡理论视野下篮球课程设计，在此基础上，进行篮球课程、教学、教材的研究，发现技术运用类教材的缺失，因此，进行技术运用类教材体系构建，以实现篮球课程教学的均衡发展。本研究得出以下结论：

第一，平衡理论的基本理论观点和内容如下：1）理念基础：“中和”“用中” 的理念，内涵“相、协、式”的方法论； 2）核心理念：“量、度、序”的系统论理念。3）核心结构：矛盾的双螺旋结构。平衡理论的核心内容：度、比例、序列、螺旋结构。

第二，平衡理论在体育课程教学中的应用解析，论证了其具有适用性和可行性。平衡理论具有“度”“比例”“序列”“螺旋结构”等平衡理论内涵。一、体育课程教学的均衡化对体育课程设计提出了诉求，体育课程设计科学依据的丰富性对其方法论提出了诉求。通过对体育课程设计中的几对矛盾进行探索，例如：“体能论与技能论”“体质与三基”“增强体质与兴趣培养”“学会与会学”等矛盾，并从体育课程设计层面，运用平衡理论的基本理念对矛盾范畴进行分析。据此得出，平衡理论在体育课程设计中的适用性。二、体育课程设计内涵“目的——方法论”的统一，即以矛盾的共融为目的，以矛盾的对立统一为方法论，因此，平衡理论的基本理念对教学计划、教师思维培养等层面具有指导价值。体育课程设置中的主要矛盾存在着比例、层次、序列、螺旋结构的内涵，运动技能习得中“学会与会学”的矛盾存在着的比例、层次、序列、螺旋结构的理念。因此，平衡理论在体育课程设计中具有一定适用性和可行性。

第三，平衡理论在篮球课程设计中的应用研究，论证了其适用性，以“度”“比例”“序列”“螺旋结构”为内涵进行论证。在运动技能习得的大学科视野下，通过平衡理论在篮球课程教学中的解析，进行“技术至上与淡化技术”“技术掌握与技术运用”矛盾的分析。本研究认为，技术掌握与技术运用是相辅相成的关系，各个层次遵循一定的比例性，以达到有效教学。以平衡理论为基础，通过对“技术掌握与技术运用”关系的分析，“技术至上与淡化技术”关系的探索，指出技术掌握的程度是以“技术掌握与技术运用”这对矛盾的平衡点来确定的，即矛盾各方的限“度”与矛盾的“平衡点”互为基础。根据“技术掌握”与“技术运用”两者的辩证统一，发现两者在小学、中学、大学各层次的比例分配存在差异，并呈现了递进的趋势，形成了“技术掌握与技术运用”的双螺旋结构。

第四，平衡理论视野下篮球教材设计，是实现篮球教材纵向递升、横向相融的自洽的系统，使得每个阶段学生都能学到不同层次、全面的运动技能。一、通过对篮球课程教学理论与实践的分析，发现在篮球课程设计理念中存在着，篮球教材内容在各个层次间缺乏技术掌握与技术运用各自的纵向递进，在各个层次上缺乏技术掌握与技术运用两者的横向共融。二、教材是课程与教学的桥梁，在进行篮球教材研究的基础上，发现缺乏系统性技术运用类教材体系。技术运用类教材是篮球教材体系中的重要一维，经过探讨和交流，确立了技术运用类教材体系的基本指标体系，目前篮球技术运用教学内容共有：进攻选位与移动、获得球、突破对手、助攻、有效投篮能力、有效防守能力六类。三、以技术运用类教材体系的基本指标体系为框架，构建了技术运用类教材，进行了“技术运用类”教材示例开发，为实现大中小学篮球课程教学系统化，实现有效教学提供理论依据和实践基础。

本研究创新点：从体育课程教学的失衡，即争论、矛盾视角进行体育课程教学系统化的研究，审视体育课程设计，进行篮球教材设计，视为“视角创新”；一是，从哲学、社会学等多学科的理论视角进行平衡理论的基本解析和基本概述；二是，在教学实践应用层面，从教材视角进行实践教学的指导，进行技术运用类教材开发。

Disputes and disagreements are common and difficult phenomena in the field of education and school sports. There are many controversies and detours in the development of school physical education. Contradiction is the theoretical basis of curriculum teaching, and it appears repeatedly in the process of reform and development. For example, in the teaching of physical education, there are debates and contradictions such as "knowledge mastery and ability cultivation", "strengthening physique and interest cultivation", "technology supremacy and desalination technology", "technology mastery and technology application", which are hot theoretical issues in the development of physical education teaching. Both sides of the argument, whichever side wins, will go to the extreme, from one extreme to the other, and either extreme will create an imbalance, leading to the imbalance of the core objective. The balance theory has the methodological significance of theoretical guidance and practical guidance to the controversy and contradiction. Based on the phenomenon of the imbalance in the course of the development of physical education curriculum, this paper puts forward the ideas of the suitability, urgency, feasibility and connotation of the balance theory. According to the research, "either/or" can not embark on the reform of the kang zhuang avenue, the idea of diversified development needs to be accompanied by ideas. The core of the balance theory is the theory of contradiction, its idea is directed to the effective teaching theory, and its implementation strategy is the philosophy of proportion. Balance the philosophical value of the theory in value orientation and the management thinking in practice guidance, and establish its philosophy and management ideas.

This research mainly USES the literature method, the logic analysis method, the case analysis method and other research methods to carry out the research. I. in theory, this study sorts out the balance theories in philosophy, sociology and other disciplines, and sorts out the basic concepts of balance theory from the perspective of comprehensive discipline. First, from the perspective of philosophy, based on the philosophy of proportion of golden section point, based on the principle of proportion of contradiction, this paper proposes that the core of contradiction optimization is the determination of "equilibrium point" and the proportion thinking from the perspective of management. The second is to deduce the development structure of things, that is, the double helix structure of contradiction, on the basis of "using medium" and "equilibrium point" and combining the concepts of mathematics and philosophy of spiral structure. The theory of the above comprehensive discipline provides a rich explanatory perspective for this study. Therefore, the basic framework of equilibrium theory is summarized. Ii. This study takes the physical education curriculum design as the core concept, and explains the applicability and feasibility of the balance theory through the exploration of the connotation of the physical education curriculum design, the basic theory, and the application research of the physical education curriculum design under the balance theory. Three, in order to "technical mastery and application of technology" contradictions, for example, basketball curriculum design under the vision of balance theory, on this basis, the basketball curriculum, teaching and research of the teaching materials, found that the lack of technology class teaching materials, therefore, makes technology class teaching material system construction, in order to realize the balanced development of basketball teaching.

This study draws the following conclusions:

First, the basic theoretical views and contents of the balance theory are as follows: 1) conceptual basis: the concept of "zhonghe" and "zhonghe", and the methodology of "phase, coordination and formula"; 2) core concept: system theory of "quantity, degree and order". 3) core structure: contradictory double helix structure. The core content of equilibrium theory: degree, proportion, sequence, spiral structure.

Second, the application of balance theory in the teaching of physical education is analyzed, and its applicability and feasibility are demonstrated. The equilibrium theory has the connotation of "degree", "proportion", "sequence" and "spiral structure". I. the balanced teaching of physical education curriculum appeals to the design of physical education curriculum, and the abundant scientific basis of physical education curriculum design appeals to its methodology. Through the exploration of several pairs of contradictions in the physical education curriculum design, such as: "physical ability and skills theory", "physique and three bases", "enhance physique and interest cultivation", "learn to learn" and other contradictions, and from the level of physical education curriculum design, using the basic concept of balance theory to analyze the contradiction category. Therefore, the applicability of balance theory in PE curriculum design is concluded. Second, the connotation of the physical education curriculum design is the unity of "purpose -- methodology", that is to take the unity of contradictions as the purpose and the unity of opposites as the methodology. Therefore, the basic concept of balance theory is of guiding value to the teaching plan and the cultivation of teachers' thinking. The main contradictions in the physical education curriculum include the connotation of proportion, hierarchy, sequence and spiral structure, and the concept of proportion, hierarchy, sequence and spiral structure in the contradiction of "learning to learn" in the acquisition of sports skills. Therefore, the balance theory has certain applicability and feasibility in the physical education curriculum design.

Thirdly, the application of balance theory in basketball curriculum design is studied, and its applicability is demonstrated with the connotation of "degree", "proportion", "sequence" and "spiral structure". From the perspective of sports skill acquisition, through the analysis of balance theory in basketball teaching, this paper analyzes the contradiction between "technology supremacy and dilution technology" and "technology mastery and technology application". In this study, the mastery of technology and the use of technology are complementary, and each level follows a certain proportion to achieve effective teaching. Based on the balance theory, based on the analysis of the relationship between the technical mastery and application of technology, the relationship between the "technology first and desalination technology", points out that technical master degree is the contradiction of "technical mastery and application of technology" to determine the equilibrium point, namely the limit "degree" and contradictions of "balance" each other. According to the dialectical unity of "mastery of technology" and "application of technology", it is found that there are differences in the proportion distribution of the two levels in primary school, middle school and university, and the trend of progressive development, forming the double helix structure of "mastery of technology and application of technology".

Fourthly, basketball textbook design from the perspective of balance theory is a self-consistent system to realize the vertical promotion and horizontal integration of basketball textbooks, so that students at each stage can learn different levels and comprehensive sports skills. 1） Through the analysis of the teaching theory and practice of basketball course, it is found that in the design concept of basketball course, there is a lack of longitudinal progression of the content of basketball textbook in each level of technology mastery and technology application, and a lack of horizontal integration of technology mastery and technology application at each level. 2）Teaching materials are the bridge between curriculum and teaching. Based on the research of basketball teaching materials, it is found that there is a lack of systematic teaching materials system of technology application. Technical application teaching material is an important dimension of basketball teaching material system.through discussion and communication, the basic index system of technical application teaching material system has been established. 3） Based on the basic index system of the teaching material system of technology application, the teaching material of technology application is constructed, and the example development of the teaching material of "technology application" is carried out, which provides theoretical basis and practical basis for realizing the teaching systematization of college and middle school basketball course and effective teaching.

The innovation points of this study are as follows: a systematic study of physical education course teaching from the perspective of imbalance of physical education course teaching, namely arguments and contradictions; a review of physical education course design and basketball textbook design are regarded as "perspective innovation"; Firstly, the balance theory is analyzed and summarized from the perspective of philosophy, sociology and other disciplines. Second, from the teaching practice application level, from the teaching perspective of practical teaching guidance, the use of technology textbook development.