博士生教育是国家创新体系的重要组成部分，肩负着高层次人才培养和科技创新的重要使命。博士生培养质量直接关系到国家的创新能力，具有重要的战略意义。博士生科研能力是衡量博士生教育质量的重要指标，博士生科研产出在一定程度上反映博士生科研能力。现有关于科研产出的研究，主要是在高校、科研机构、教师或科技工作者层面，对人文社科博士生科研产出的研究不多。人文社科博士生教育是高等教育的组成部分，承担着为高等教育与人文社科发展提供智力资源的使命。提升人文社科博士生科研能力和成果质量具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文主要研究高校人文社科博士生科研产出的影响因素，并分析其间的作用机制。在制度环境层面探讨博士生发表制度与博士生科研产出的关系，进而为高校制定合理的博士生发表制度提供实证依据和启示。

        本文在对国内外相关文献进行梳理和综合分析的基础上，以学生参与理论和院校影响力理论为理论基础，基于 Pascarella 的变化评定模型，构建高校人文社科博士生科研产出影响因素理论模型分析框架。

      采用问卷调查法，在前人成熟的量表和问卷的基础上，结合高校人文社科博士生科研经历和科研发展情况，构建博士生科研投入、博士生个体、院校培养环境、师生学术互动和博士生科研产出特征的指标评价体系，自编高校人文社科博士生科研活动调查问卷，对 24 所目标高校人文社科博士生展开调研，回收有效问卷 1519 份。
      运用 SPSS26.0 和 AMOSS22.0 统计分析软件处理样本数据。采用多元回归模型分析高校人文社科博士生科研产出的影响因素。采用倾向得分匹配法（PSM），控制样本自选择内生性，估计博士生发表制度对高校人文社科博士生科研产出的影响。采用调节效应分析，探讨博士生发表制度在博士生科研投入与科研产出之间的调节作用。采用结构方程模型分析博士生科研投入因素、博士生个体因素、院校培养环境因素、师生学术互动因素对博士生科研产出的直接影响和间接影响，探讨高校人文社科博士生科研产出的影响机制问题。
      主要的研究结论如下：
      第一，关于高校人文社科博士生科研产出现状：全样本高校人文社科博士生发表学术论文总数人均 1.55 篇；发表核心论文人均 0.84 篇；发表 CSSCI 来源期刊论文人均 0.55 篇。论文发表数随年级升高而增加。男博士生科研产出显著高于女博士生。社会学科博士生科研产出显著高于人文学科博士生。本科院校和硕士院校是“双一流高校”的博士生核心论文数和 CSSCI 来源期刊论文数显著高于普通高校博士生。
      第二，高校人文社科博士生科研产出的影响因素方面：博士生科研投入、博士生个体因素、院校培养环境、师生学术互动显著影响高校人文社科博士生科研产出。博士生科研投入是影响高校人文社科博士生科研产出的核心因素。高校人文社科博士生科研产出存在异质性影响。科研活动时间、同伴互动显著影响社科学科博士生科研产出。科研活动时间、求学动机、CSSCI 论文发表数量、同伴互动显著影响三年级及以上博士生科研产出。科研活动时间、CSSCI 论文发表数量显著影响男博士生科研产出。国际学术会议、同伴互动显著影响女博士生科研产出。有发表要求显著正向影响高校人文社科博士生 CSSCI 来源期刊论文数，但CSSCI 论文发表数量超过 3 篇（含 3 篇）对高校人文社科博士生科研产出有显著负向影响。博士生发表制度会增强科研课题参与对 CSSCI 来源期刊论文数的正向预测作用。
      第三，高校人文社科博士生科研产出的影响机制方面：博士生科研投入和师生学术互动不仅对高校人文社科博士生科研产出具有直接影响，也起着中介作用。博士生个体因素对人文社科博士生科研产出具有显著直接影响和间接影响。博士生个体因素通过博士生科研投入间接影响人文社科博士生科研产出。院校培养环境通过博士生科研投入、师生学术互动间接影响高校人文社科博士生科研产出。博士生科研投入是博士生个体因素、院校培养环境影响博士生科研产出的中介变量。师生学术互动是院校培养环境影响博士生科研产出的中介变量。
      基于研究结论，本文从博士生个体、博士生导师和博士生培养单位三个方面提出启示和建议，以期发挥协同作用，以高水平的科研课题、系统的学术训练、优良的院校培养环境支撑博士生培养，引导博士生更专注科研，增强博士生科研投入，共同推动人文社科博士生科研能力和学术成果质量提升，促进博士生学术成长。本文丰富和拓展了高校人文社科博士生科研产出研究，为我国博士生培养实践与相关政策提供参考。

      Doctoral education is an important component of the national innovation system,shouldering the important mission of cultivating high-level talents and technological innovation. The quality of doctoral student training is directly related to the country's innovation ability and has important strategic significance. Doctoral research ability is an important indicator for measuring the quality of doctoral education, and doctoral research output can objectively reflect doctoral research ability. The existing research on research output is mainly at the level of universities, research institutions, teachers,or technology workers, and there is not much research on the research output of humanities and social sciences doctoral students. Doctoral education in humanities and social sciences is an integral part of higher education, responsible for providing intellectual resources for the development of higher education and humanities and social sciences. Improving the research ability and quality of humanities and social sciences doctoral students has important theoretical and practical significance. This article mainly studies the factors that affect the research output of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities, and analyzes the mechanisms of their effects. Exploring the relationship between the doctoral publication system and doctoral research output at the institutional environment level, in order to provide empirical basis and inspiration for universities to formulate reasonable doctoral publication systems.Based on the review and comprehensive analysis of relevant literature at home and abroad, this study takes the student participation theory and the university influence theory as the theoretical basis, and the change evaluation model of Pascarella as the basis to build the theoretical model analysis framework of factors influencing the scientific research output of university doctoral students in humanities and social sciences.
      Based on the review and comprehensive analysis of relevant literature at home and abroad, this article constructs a theoretical model analysis framework for the influencing factors of research output of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities, based on the theories of student participation and institutional influence, and Pascarella's change assessment model.
      Using the questionnaire survey method, based on the mature scales and questionnaires of predecessors, combined with the scientific research experience and development situation of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities, we constructed an indicator evaluation system for doctoral research investment, individual doctoral students, university training environment,teacher-student academic interaction, and doctoral research output characteristics. We compiled a survey questionnaire for doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities and conducted research on 24 target universities, Retrieve 1519 valid questionnaires.
      Use SPSS26.0 and AMOSS22.0 statistical analysis software to process sample data. Using a multiple regression model to analyze the influencing factors of research output of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities. Using the propensity score matching method (PSM) to control sample self selection endogeneity, estimate the impact of doctoral publication system on the research output of humanities and social sciences doctoral students in universities. Using stratified regression analysis to explore the moderating effect of doctoral publication system on
the relationship between doctoral research investment and research output. Using a structural equation model to analyze the direct and indirect effects of doctoral research investment factors, individual doctoral factors, institutional training environment factors, and teacher-student academic interaction factors on doctoral research output, and to explore the impact mechanism of doctoral research output in humanities and social sciences in universities.
      The main research conclusion is as follows:
      Firstly, regarding the research status of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities: the total number of academic papers published by doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in all sample universities is 1.55 per capita.published 0.84 core papers per capita; published 0.55 papers per capita in CSSCI source journals.The number of published papers increases with grade. Male doctoral students have significantly higher research output than female doctoral students. The scientific research output of doctoral students in social sciences is significantly higher than that of doctoral students in humanities. The number of core doctoral papers and CSSCI source journal papers among undergraduate and master's colleges, which are "Double First Class Universities," is significantly higher than that of doctoral students from ordinary universities.
      Secondly, the influencing factors of the research output of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities are: doctoral research investment, individual factors of doctoral students, university training environment, and academic interaction between teachers and students, which significantly affect the research output of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities. The research investment of doctoral students is the core factor that affects the research output of humanities and social sciences doctoral students in universities. There is heterogeneity in the influencing factors of research output among doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities. The duration of research activities and peer interaction significantly affect the research output of doctoral students in social sciences. The duration of research activities, academic motivation, the number of CSSCI papers published, and peer interaction significantly affect the research output of third grade and above doctoral students. The duration of research activities and the number of CSSCI papers published significantly affect the research output of male doctoral students. International academic conferences and peer interaction significantly affect the research output of female doctoral students. The publication requirements have a significant positive impact on the number of CSSCI source
journal papers for doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities. The doctoral publication system will enhance the positive predictive effect of research  topic participation on the number of papers in CSSCI source journals.

      Thirdly, in terms of the impact mechanism of research output of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities, individual factors and institutional factors affect the research investment of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities. The research investment of doctoral students, individual factors of doctoral students, and academic interaction between teachers and students have a significant direct impact on the research output of humanities and social sciences doctoral students. The individual factors of doctoral students indirectly affect the research output of humanities and social sciences doctoral students through their research investment. The training environment of universities indirectly affects the research output of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences through their research investment and academic interaction with teachers and students. Doctoral research investment is a mediating variable that affects doctoral research output due to individual factors and the training environment of the institution. Academic interaction between teachers and students is a mediating variable that affects the research output of doctoral students in the training environment of universities.
    Based on the research findings, this article proposes inspiration and suggestions from three aspects: individual doctoral students, doctoral supervisors, and doctoral training units, in order to play a synergistic role, support doctoral training with high-level scientific research topics, systematic academic training, and excellent institutional training environment, guide doctoral students to focus more on scientific research, enhance doctoral research investment, and jointly promote the improvement of research ability and academic achievement quality of humanities and social sciences doctoral students, Promote the academic growth of doctoral students. This article enriches and expands the research output of doctoral students in humanities and social sciences in universities, providing reference for the practice and related policies of doctoral student cultivation in China.