随着老龄化程度的加深，如何保障老年人口积极老龄化、如何合理安排老年人口资源，成为国家和社会面临的重要议题。“参与”是积极老龄化的重要支柱，支持老年人积极参与社区生活事务，既是对老年人“参与”的保障，也是对老年人口资源的合理利用，对国家、社会和个体而言都有着积极意义。

社区参与指的是社区居民参与社区公共事务和活动的过程，在这个过程中居民可以影响权利运作、分享参与成果。然而，国内外对于社区参与的研究存在较大差异，目前对于老年人社区参与缺乏全面的本土化测量标准。因此，研究一梳理了过往文献中社区参与的分类与测量方式，并选择参与式社区治理开展程度较深的4个北京社区，对工作或生活其中的5位社区培育者和11位老年居民进行半结构化访谈，通过扎根理论编制了老年人社区参与问卷，并使用德尔菲法进行专家评估，经过三轮评估的问卷条目，适宜性均值区间为4~5，差异系数区间为0~0.31。问卷包含13个条目，分为计划性参与（5个条目）、引导性参与（3个条目）和自发性参与（5个条目）三种类型，Cronbach’s α系数为0.88，两周后重测信度为0.77。

研究二探究了社区参与对心理健康的预测作用，并将感知控制作为中介变量进行路径分析。对321名社区老年人进行了问卷调查，测量了他们的社区参与、社区感知控制（包括社会政治控制感和社区效能感）、一般感知控制（包括掌控感和一般自我效能感）、心理健康（包括生活意义感、生活满意度和抑郁水平），发现：第一，社区参与对心理健康有积极预测作用；第二，在社区参与对心理健康的积极预测作用中，社区感知控制和一般感知控制起到完全链式中介作用；第三：在社区参与的三种类型中，计划性参与经由一般感知控制对心理健康起到正向预测作用，其他两种社区参与类型预测效果不显著。

整体而言，社区参与可以经由社区感知控制和一般感知控制对心理健康起到积极预测作用，因此鼓励老年人参与社区事务，对于老年人心理健康具有积极意义。就社区参与具体而言，三种类型当中，只有计划性参与可以显著积极预测心理健康，因此应更多提供同时包含公共议题和决策过程的社区活动机会、鼓励老年人更多参与这类活动，以更好发挥社区参与对个体的积极作用。

With the deepening of aging, how to guarantee the active aging of the elderly population and how to reasonably arrange the resources of the elderly population have become important issues facing the country and society. "Participation" is an important pillar of active aging, and supporting the elderly to actively participate in community affairs is not only a guarantee of "participation" of the elderly, but also a reasonable use of the resources of the elderly population, which has positive significance for the country, society and individuals.

Community participation refers to the process of community residents' participation in public affairs and activities, in which they can influence the operation of their rights and share the results of their participation. However, there are significant differences between domestic and international research on community participation, and there is a lack of a comprehensive localized measure of community participation among older adults. Therefore, Study 1 sorted out the classification and measurement of community participation in the past literature, and selected four Beijing communities where participatory community governance has been carried out to a greater extent, conducted semi-structured interviews with five community cultivators and 11 older residents who work or live in them, developed a community participation questionnaire for older adults through rooting theory, and conducted expert evaluation using the Delphi method, and the questionnaire entries after three rounds of evaluation were associated with The mean appropriateness range was 4 to 5, and the coefficient of variation range was 0 to 0.31. The questionnaire contained 13 entries divided into three types of planned participation (5 entries), guided participation (3 entries), and spontaneous participation (5 entries), with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of0.88 and a retest reliability of 0.77 after two weeks.

Study 2 explored the predictive effects of two independent variables, community participation and informal social participation, on mental health, and used perceived control as a mediating variable for path analysis. A questionnaire was administered to 321 community-dwelling older adults to measure their community participation, informal social participation, perceived control of community (including sense of socio-political control and sense of community efficacy), general perceived control (including sense of control and general self-efficacy), and mental health (including sense of meaning in life, life satisfaction, and level of depression), and found that, first, both community participation and informal social participation had a psychological health, and the predictive effect of community participation was stronger; second, among the positive predictive effects of community participation and informal social participation on psychological health, general perceived control played a fully mediating role, and the mediating role of community perceived control was not significant; third: among the three types of community participation, planned participation via general perceived control played a positive predictive effect on psychological health, and the other two The other two types of community participation did not have significant predictive effects.

Overall, both community participation and informal social participation can positively predict mental health through the mediation of general perceptual control, thus encouraging older adults to actively participate in community affairs has positive implications for older adults' mental health. Of the three types of community participation specifically, only programmatic participation is a significant positive predictor of mental health through general perceived control, and therefore more opportunities for community activities that include both public issues and decision-making processes should be provided to encourage older adults to participate more in such activities in order to increase the positive effects of community participation on individuals.