职业指导指通过科学方法帮助人们选择职业、预备职业、获得职业和改进职业。中国近现代意义上的职业指导起源于民国时期，主要受欧美等资本主义国家的职业指导的发展进程影响。当前职业指导的社会需求日益增多，而职业指导理论却相对薄弱，对民国时期职业指导引入中国进行研究，有助于为今天的职业指导事业提供历史借鉴与参考。本文以中国最早大力提倡职业指导的一个民间社团——中华职业教育社为研究主体。主要借鉴传播学的“5W”研究模式并进行了一定的改造，从而分别对中华职业教育社引入职业指导的历史背景、人员基础、引入途径、引入内容等几个方面进行研究。通过史料分析中华职业教育社在西方职业指导理论的专业化发展和职业指导实践的科学化发展影响下，进行的相关理论引入、研究与改造；总结其在国内宣传职业指导思想的重大贡献。研究表明，职教社成功地借助大众传播工具——报纸期刊向社会普及了职业指导理念；引入各式职业心理测量工具——增强了求业者的自我认知；大量调查、印刷出版实业界信息——论证了社会需求。在整个引入过程中，中华职业教育社借助演讲宣传的力量，在学校中推广职业指导，并重视中小学进校指导，促成学生的自我决策；同时设立了地方性职业指导所，摸索在社会中实施职业指导之路。通过向国外取经，他们引入并创造、积累了丰富的职业指导材料，如职业指导理论书籍、调查数据、个人调查表、事业调查表等等，很多资料对今天的职业指导实践仍有借鉴作用；他们还进行了职业指导体系设想，以期促进职业指导的长久发展。由于中华职业教育社在引入职业指导过程中作出了大量的探索性工作，其实践成果在当时产生了不可磨灭的影响。虽然由于一些历史原因，中华职业教育社的职业指导引入工作未能彻底地在全国展开，其影响力也未必达到该社的期望，但是该社对职业指导事业的发展仍作出了卓越的贡献，为实施中国化、科学化的职业指导打下了良好根基,很多理论与实践甚至走在了时代前列，与今天的职业指导差别不大，证明在民国时期已经形成中国职业指导之雏形。

Vocational guidance，means help people choose careers, prepared career, access to employment and improve the profession by using scientific method. The modern word of Chinese vocational guidance originated from the Republic of China. It seems more and more people need career guidance today, but without propriety theory, they can’t carry out the work. So the study will help improve the theory. This article research from the period of the republic of China, make the vocational education of China as a main body of research. This non-governmental organization introduce oversea vocational guiding ideology, and made significant contributions on spread the vocational guidance thoughts. This paper summarized the vocational guidance development in China, and provide reference for today's work. This article mainly based on the "5W" communication research mode. Through textual research on the historical period of the vocational guidance of Chinese vocational education organization, based on the subject such as historical background, personnel, introducing way, introducing the contents etc. Due to the China vocational education society’s exploratory experimental work in introducing the vocational guidance process, its practical results produced an indelible affect at that time, and provides a good reference for today’s work. Due to historical limitations, the Chinese vocational guidance work’s influence is not as good as expectation, but the development of career guidance still have made outstanding contribution for the implementation of education.