教育，特别是高质量的教育，除了外部公共收益，还能够为受教育个体和家庭带来高效的货币性、非货币性教育收益，进而在各类家庭社会经济地位的改变、维持与固化中发挥重要作用。各类家庭通过为子女选择义务教育阶段优质学校，达到获得高质量的教育资源。而选择更高质量的学校，不同社会经济地位的家庭所采用的途径也存在差异。本文通过对已有择校调查数据的分析，首先研究择校的基本情况，测定各个家庭的社会经济地位，并据此社会经济地位确定家庭类别。在此基础上研究不同社会经济地位家庭的择校途径。研究发现，高社会经济地位家庭的优势择校途径是泛市场或有限市场，中等社会经济地位家庭的优势择校途径是配给和泛市场或有限市场。低社会经济地位家庭的优势择校途径是成绩特长筛选。家庭月均收入、所在学校类型、是否重点大城市是影响不同社会经济地位家庭择校途径的主要因素。对不同社会经济地位家庭的入学改革偏好研究发现，社会经济地位高的家庭更偏好于泛市场或有限市场的入学改革方向，在择校家庭中这一趋势更突出。社会经济地位中等的家庭更偏好于依照户口等政府配给性的入学改革方向，也基本认同泛市场或有限市场的入学改革。低社会经济地位的家庭基本回避市场定位的入学改革方向，更多地偏好于依据子女的成绩入学，也非常认同政府主导的配给制入学改革方向。父亲职业、是否拥有市区户口、母亲的受教育水平、家庭月收入是影响不同社会经济地位家庭入学改革偏好的主要因素。研究择校途径和其对应的入学方式偏好，表明两者存在一致性，说明家庭社会经济地位决定择校方式也决定入学方式偏好，行为与偏好之间存在一致性。不存在各方均接受的入学改革方向，需要政府强力介入治理学校选择中的失灵。

In addition to bringing external public benefits, education, especially the high quality education, can bring high return of monetary, non monetary and spillover of return for the education individuals and families, and then it plays an important role in the change, maintenance and curing of the social and economic status of various families. Various kinds of families choose high quality school for their children to achieve the goal of quality compulsory education resources. To choose a higher quality school, there are differences in the way of the different social and economic status of the family.This thesis analyzes the data from school choice survey. The basic situation of school choice is studied, measuring the socioeconomic status of each family, and then determining the family category of social economic status.On the basis of this study, the school choice way of the families of different social and economic status is studied. It is found that advantaged way of school choice of the high socioeconomic status family is the pan market or the limited market, advantaged way of school choice of the middle socioeconomic status family is rationing and the pan market or the limited market, advantaged way of school choice of the low socioeconomic status family is screening based on test scores and forte. Family income, school type, and whether or not in the major big cities are the main factors that affect the way of school choice of different socioeconomic status families.The preference to enrollment reform of different socioeconomic status families is studied. It is found that the high socioeconomic status family prefer to pan market or limited market in enrollment reform, in the choosing school family this trend more prominent. The middle social economic status family prefer to the direction of government ration in school enrollment reform, also basically agree on the pan market or limited market of school enrollment reform. The low socioeconomic status family avoid the direction of market positioning in school enrollment reform and prefer screening based on test scores and forte, also agree on the direction of government rationing in school enrollment reform very much. Father occupation, school type, whether or not in downtown areas, the education level of the mother and the family income are the main factors that affect the preference of different socioeconomic status families in school enrollment reform.The study on consistency between choosing ways and the enrollment reform preference indicates that there is consistency between the two variables, indicating that the social economic status of family decides choosing way and also decides enrollment preference, i.e. there is consistency between behavior and preferences. There is no enrollment reform direction accepted by all kinds of the family, and the government needs a strong intervention to govern the school choice of which mechanism is failed.