税收取之于民，用之于民，是国家行稳致远的重要基础，是公共管理的重要组成部分。

近年受新冠疫情严重冲击，全球经济下行压力巨大，世界经济格局发生深刻变化，传统行业经营模式的变化加剧。对于中小企业来说，目前市场上绝大部分私营企业最终股东是自然人，企业经营过程中，实现跨行业经营、变更行业类型、企业间资源重组、退出投资套利最重要方式是股权重组，股权重组最重要方式是股权转让。

本文研究的出发点，是建立在近年各种不法中小微企业自然人股东，诸如薇娅、邓伦等明星通过股权转让偷漏巨额税款现状之上的。本文对自然人股权转让个人所得税问题的研究，是在税务机关加强对高收入人群税收征管背景下个人所得税领域的重要研究内容。

股权估值是自然人股权转让的核心，本文首先梳理股权估值方法，同时提出股权估值过低的预警及修正模型。随后本文分析了关于自然人股权转让的相关税收政策，对转让中的涉税风险进行分析，包括：税收遵从风险、信息不对称风险、政策不协调风险。分析风险后对税务风险管理的理论进行了总结分析。并以理论作为下文实践的指导。

本文的自然人股权转让实证调查及案例分析，是以A市作为研究分析对象，A市作为粤港澳大湾区GDP排行前列城市，样本企业及案例具有很高代表性和研究价值。本文对A市进行了详实充分的实证调查并详细剖析两个典型案例。通过实证及案例分析，结合理论分析，本文梳理出自然人股权转让涉税问题包括立法、征管两大问题。立法问题分为对赌协议条款不清、缺乏阴阳合同监管、授权性立法条款较多。征管问题涵盖过分依赖税务人员审核水平、缺乏有效约束处罚机制、股权转让行为监控难三个方面。针对上述涉税问题本文继续深入分析，概括产生税收问题的原因有四方面：一是政策制定具有滞后性，二是股权转让信息具有隐蔽性，三是股权转让行为具有偶发性，四是股权转让复杂程度较高。

本文总结梳理自然人股权转让涉税风险防范及问题解决建议：涉税风险防范从建立运用股权估值预警及修正模型机制、提高纳税人税收遵从度、强化部门间信息共享、优化政策协调性四个方面入手。个人所得税立法问题解决建议包括：明确对赌协议条款、完善阴阳合同征管条款、完善优化个人所得税法中股权转让规定。个人所得税征管问题解决建议包括：强化人才培养及加强信息化建设、健全自然人股权转让处罚约束机制、加强自然人税务信息登记。

        本文对自然人股权转让涉税风险及问题产生原因进行分析总结，能够为自然人股权转让中个人所得税的征收管理提供一定的思路及参考，有利于税务机关更有针对性地改进征管措施，同时能够为降低自然人股权转让涉税风险提供良好的政策和监管建议。

Tax revenue from the people, for the people is an important basis for the country to maintain stability and is the important part of public management.

The severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic has put enormous downward pressure on the global economy. Profound changes have taken place in the world economic landscape, and changes in the business models of traditional industries have intensified. For small and medium enterprises, the majority of private enterprises in the current market are the ultimate shareholders of natural persons. Equity restructuring is the most important way to realize cross-industry operation, change industry type, resource restructuring between enterprises and exit investment arbitrage. Equity transfer is the main way of equity restructuring.

The starting point of this study is based on the fact that the natural shareholders of various illegal small and medium enterprises in recent years, such as Via, Deng Lun and other stars, evade huge amount of tax through equity transfer. In this paper, the study of personal income tax on equity transfer of natural persons is an important research content in the field of individual income tax under the background that tax authorities strengthen the collection and management of high-income people.

Equity valuation is the core of equity transfer of natural person. This paper first combs equity valuation methods, and puts forward the early warning and correction model of the low equity valuation. Then this paper analyzes the relevant tax policies on the transfer of natural person equity, and analyzes the tax risks in the transfer, including: tax compliance risk, information asymmetry risk, policy disharmony risk. After analyzing the risk, the paper summarizes and analyzes the theory of tax risk management. And take the theory as the following practice guidance.

The empirical investigation and case analysis of natural person equity transfer in this paper is based on City A, which is the leading city in GDP in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area. The sample enterprises and cases have high representativeness and research value. In this paper, A City conducted a full empirical investigation and detailed analysis of two typical cases. Through empirical and case analysis, combined with theoretical analysis, this paper sorted out the natural person equity transfer tax issues including legislation, collection and management of two major issues. Legislative issues are divided into VAM terms are not clear, lack of Yin and Yang contract supervision, authorized legislative provisions more. The problems of tax collection and management include over-reliance on the auditing level of tax personnel, lack of effective restraint and punishment mechanism, and difficulty in monitoring the behavior of equity transfer. In view of the above tax-related issues, this paper continues to analyze in depth, generalizing the causes of tax problems in four aspects: First, the policy formulation has a lag, Secondly, the information of equity transfer is hidden. Thirdly, the action of stock transfer is accidental. Fourthly, the degree of complexity is higher.

This paper summarizes the natural person equity transfer tax-related risk prevention and problem solutions: tax-related risks prevention from the establishment of the use of equity valuation early warning and correction model mechanism, improve taxpayer compliance, strengthen inter-departmental information sharing, optimize policy coordination in four aspects. Personal income tax legislation to solve the problems, including: clear the terms of the VAM agreement, improve the provisions of yin and yang contract collection and management, improve and optimize the individual income tax law in the equity transfer provisions. Personal income tax collection and management issues to solve the recommendations include: strengthening personnel training and strengthening information construction, improve the natural person equity transfer punishment and constraint mechanism, strengthen natural person tax information registration.

        This article analyzes and summarizes the causes of the tax-related risks and problems of equity transfer of natural persons, which can provide certain ideas and reference for the collection and management of individual income tax in equity transfer. It is conducive to the tax authorities to improve the collection and management measures more pertinently, and at the same time, it can provide good policy and regulatory suggestions to reduce the tax-related risks of equity transfer of natural persons.