情绪调节困难量表（Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale，DERS）是诊断情绪调节障碍的常用工具之一，其信效度在多个青年样本中得到验证，但在老年群体中的表现还有待检验。本研究在老年群体中进行了DERS的初步施测，并根据老年人的特点，对部分老年人难以理解的题项提出了既不偏离原义、又对老年人来说更容易理解的拟修改方案。通过三个研究修订、验证了老年中文版DERS，并在此基础上抽取了花费更少精力就可以作答的老年简式中文版DERS，为测量老年人情绪调节障碍提供了更简短、有效的工具。

研究一为DERS中文译本在老年群体的初步施测。通过线下发放80份问卷，与老人一对一进行沟通，收集了平日难以取样的高龄老人、文化程度较低的老人在作答DERS时的困难点，并根据老年人的语言习惯提出了修改方案。研究一还通过线上发放问卷的方式，在70位较为年轻的老年人及亚老年人（55~60岁）构成的样本中初步检验了DERS的表现，并通过项目分析进一步修改了数据表现较差的题项。

研究二为老年中文版DERS的信效度检验。研究二首先要观测直接在老年群体中使用原版DERS的效果，通过与来自其他研究的非老年样本的数据对比，发现原版DERS在老年群体中的适配度较低。其次，研究二要验证改进后的老年版DERS是否能有效提高DERS在老年群体的适配度。研究一的被试来自五线城市，而研究二的样本为主要来自北京市的376位老人，在与研究一截然不同的样本中比较了老年版和原版DERS的信效度表现。经验证，修订后的老年版DERS较原版来说更适用于老年人，并形成了老年中文版DERS-CN-O。

研究三为老年简式中文版DERS的抽取。根据验证性因素分析的结果，研究三抽取了17道题目成为老年简式中文版DERS-CN-O-17，并通过统计分析验证了简版量表符合心理测量学的标准，较为可靠。

本研究经过线上、线下发放问卷，初测、修订、验证量表，最终修订了信效度较为可靠的老年中文版DERS和老年简式中文版DERS，为老年人的情绪健康测量提供了可以参考的工具。

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is one of the commonly used instruments for diagnosing emotion regulation disorders, and its psychometric properties have been validated in several adolescent samples and undergraduate samples, but its performance in the elderly population remains to be tested. In this study, we conducted a preliminary administration of the DERS in older adults and proposed modifications to some of the items that were difficult for older adults to understand. The modifications are based on their characteristics, and did not deviate from the original meaning but were easier for older adults to understand. Three studies were conducted to modify and validate the DERS-Chinese version of old age (DERS-CN-O), and on this basis, a short form of DERS-CN-O, which can be responded with less effort, was extracted, providing a shorter and more effective tool for measuring emotion regulation disorders in the elderly.

Study 1 was a preliminary administration of the DERS in the elderly population. 80 questionnaires were distributed offline, and the author communicated with the elderly one-on-one and collected their difficulties in responding to the DERS. Data from these older adults is usually difficult to collect due to their age and lower education level. Based on the language habits of the elderly and their communication, study 1 proposed some new translations for some of the items. Study 1 also initially examined the psychometric properties of DERS in a sample of 70 younger seniors who could answer the questionnaire independently by distributing the questionnaire online and modified the items with poor performance in item analysis.

Study 2 was a reliability and validity test of the DERS-CN-O. Study 2 first observed the effect of using the original DERS directly on older adults. By comparing it with data from non-elderly samples from other studies, it was found that the original DERS had a lower degree of adaptation in older adults. Second, Study 2 was to verify whether DERS-CN-O was effective in increasing the fitness of DERS in the geriatric population. The sample of study 1 came from a five-tier city with relatively backward development, while the sample of study 2 was 376 elderly people mainly from Beijing. The reliability and validity of the old version and the original version of DERS were compared in a completely different sample from study 1. It was verified that the DERS-CN-O was more applicable to the elderly than the original version.

Study 3 was the formation of the short form of DERS-CN-O. Based on the results of the CFA, Study 3 extracted 17 items to become DERS-CN-O-17 and verified through statistical analysis that the short-form scale met the psychometric criteria.

After distributing the questionnaire online and offline, and through initial testing, revision, and validation of the scale, the DERS-CN-O and DERS-CN-O-17 with convincing reliability and validity were finally formed, which provided tools for measuring emotional health in older adults.