随着勘探程度及勘探技术的不断提高，断陷盆地砂砾岩储层已成为隐蔽油气藏的重要勘探方向之一。位于渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷北部的车镇凹陷作为典型的陆相断陷盆地，其砂砾岩储层的成因机制和分级评价研究对该区隐蔽油气藏勘探具有重要意义。本论文通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、压汞测试、微米CT数字岩心分析以及X衍射分析等分析测试手段精细表征了车镇凹陷沙三-沙四段储层的孔隙结构，明确了不同物源体系下砂砾岩储层成岩演化机制并对目的层位的储层进行了定性和定量的分级评价。本研究解决了车镇凹陷储层表征不全面、不精细、孔隙演化历史和演化模式不清楚、储层评价标准不统一的问题。本研究深化了对车镇凹陷砂砾岩储层的地质认识，为该区下一步油气勘探方向的确定提供了理论依据。

由于母岩类型存在差异，车镇凹陷可划分为碳酸盐岩母岩物源区、碳酸盐岩-变质岩母岩混合物源区、变质岩母岩物源区和不稳定物源区4种类型。车镇凹陷北部陡坡带沉积体系较为复杂，主要发育冲积扇、近岸水下扇、扇三角洲以及滑塌水下扇沉积相。南部缓坡带则主要发育三角洲、辫状河扇、滩坝等沉积相。

压汞实验获取的孔隙结构参数数据表明，车镇凹陷沙三-沙四段储层可划分为4种类型。类型Ⅰ和类型Ⅱ储层具有较高的储层质量，其孔隙和喉道分布较为集中，喉道半径较大且分选较好。此两类储层主要分布于车西洼陷缓坡带和变质岩物源区。类型Ⅲ和类型Ⅳ储层物性较差，其孔隙和喉道的半径较小且分选性较差，主要分布于碳酸盐岩物源区陡坡带和洼陷带。高分辨率微米CT数字岩心分析表明，砂岩储层比砾岩储层孔隙数量多，孔隙半径小，孤立孔隙数量少且孔隙连通性好。砂岩储层具有较高的面孔率，储层非均质性弱于砾岩储层。在南北方向上，缓坡带和洼陷带相较于陡坡带具有较高的面孔率和较弱的储层非均质性。从西向东，随着碳酸盐岩母岩含量的降低，储层孔隙数量增多，孔隙连通性有所改善。

车镇凹陷的沙三-沙四段储层质量受到物源类型、岩石物理结构、沉积作用、成岩作用和超压分布的共同控制。物源类型控制了储层岩石的抗压实程度，决定了储层的初始孔隙度。分选性和成分成熟度与储层孔隙度呈正相关，沉积相主要控制了优质储层的发育。整个凹陷内储层孔隙度的减少主要受压实作用控制，碳酸盐物源区的陡坡带压实作用最强。混合物源区的陡坡带和洼陷带少部分储层的胶结作用主控了孔隙度减少。缓坡带储层的压实作用和胶结作用均弱于陡坡带和洼陷带的储层。碳酸盐岩物源区的陡坡带和洼陷带储层处于封闭体系下，溶蚀作用主要控制了储集空间类型的调整和重新分配，其净增孔隙度有限。混合物源区及变质岩物源区储层抗压实作用增强，溶蚀作用减缓了储层孔隙度的降低。缓坡带不稳定物源区储层处于相对开放的成岩环境中，溶蚀作用可有效改善储层孔隙度。异常高压的分布利于储层裂缝的形成，在提高储层渗透率的同时减缓了储层孔隙度的降低，对储层物性改善具有积极作用。

本研究针对物源体系复杂、沉积类型多样的陆相断陷盆地提出了基于物源类型、沉积作用和成岩作用的三端元储层定性分类方法，并将车镇凹陷沙三-沙四段储层划分为4大类8小类。在定性储层分级评价基础上，选取能够表征储层物性控制因素的参数进行定量分析，确定了研究区储层评价指数（REI）。研究区储层可划分为3级：Ⅰ级储层REI值主频区间为0.42～0.58，属于优质储层；Ⅱ级储层REI值主频区间为0.20～0.33，属于中等储层；Ⅲ级储层REI值主频区间为0.06～0.18，属于较差储层。随着储层REI值的增加，对应的储层含油级别逐渐增强。优质储层与油藏分布具有较好的对应关系，储层分级评价模型具有较好的指示油藏分布的地质意义。储层的REI平面展布特征显示，车西洼陷内沙四上亚段的南部缓坡带储层、郭局子洼陷内沙三下亚段的变质岩物源区储层和不稳定物源区储层为有利勘探区带。

With the continuous improvement of exploration degree and technology, glutenite reservoir in fault basin has become one of the important exploration directions of subtle reservoirs. As a typical continental faulted basin, the formation mechanism and grading evaluation of the conglomerate reservoir in Chezhen Sag in the north of Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin is of great significance to the exploration of subtle reservoirs in this area. In this paper, the pore structure of the reservoirs of the 3rd to 4th members of Shahejie Formation in Chezhen Sag was characterized by core observation, thin section identification, scanning electron microscope analysis, mercury injection test, micro-CT digital core analysis and X diffraction analysis, and the diagenetic evolution mechanism of glutenite reservoirs within multi-provenance systems was clarified. Meanwhile, the reservoir in the target horizon was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. This study solves the problems of incomplete and imprecise reservoir characterization, unclear pore evolution history and evolution model, and inconsistent reservoir evaluation criteria in Chezhen sag. It deepens the geological understanding of glutenite reservoir in Chezhen sag and provides a theoretical basis for determining the next direction of oil and gas exploration in this area.

 According to the parent rock types, the provenances of Chezhen Sag can be divided into four types: carbonate parent rock provenance, carbonate-metamorphic parent rock mixture provenance, metamorphic parent rock provenance and unstable provenance. The depositional system of the steep slope zone in the north of Chezhen Sag is relatively complex, mainly including alluvial fan, nearshore subaqueous fan, fan delta and slump subaqueous fan. The southern gentle slope zone mainly develops sedimentary facies such as delta, braided river fan, and beach bar.

Based on the data of pore structure parameters obtained from mercury injection test, the reservoirs of the 3rd to 4th members of Shahejie Formation in Chezhen Sag can be divided into four types. Type I and Type II reservoirs have high reservoir quality, with concentrated pores and throat distribution, larger throat radius and better sorting. These two types of reservoirs are mainly distributed in the gentle slope zone of Chexi sub-sag and metamorphic parent rock provenance. Type III and Type IV reservoirs have poor physical properties, with smaller pores and pore throat radii and poor sorting properties, and are mainly distributed in the carbonate parent rock provenance of the steep slope zone. Micro-CT digital core analysis shows that sandstone reservoirs have more pores, smaller pore radius, less isolated pores and better pore connectivity than conglomerate reservoirs. Meanwhile, the sandstone reservoir has higher surface porosity and its heterogeneity is weaker than conglomerate reservoir. In the north-south direction, gentle slope zone and depression zone have higher porosity and weaker reservoir heterogeneity than steep slope zone. And from west to east, with the decrease of carbonate parent rock content, the number of pores increases and the pore connectivity improves.

The reservoir quality of the 3rd to 4th members of Shahejie Formation in Chezhen Sag is controlled by the provenance type, rock physical structure, sedimentation, diagenesis and overpressure distribution. Provenance type controls the compaction resistance degree of reservoir rocks and determines the initial porosity of the reservoir. The sorting and compositional maturity are positively correlated with reservoir porosity, and sedimentary facies mainly control the development of high-quality reservoirs. The reduction of reservoir porosity in the whole sag is mainly controlled by compaction, and the compaction is strongest in the steep slope zone of carbonate parent rock provenance. The cementation of a few reservoirs in the steep slope zone and depression zone in the mixture parent rock provenance dominates the reduction of porosity. Compaction and cementation of reservoirs in gentle slope zone are weaker than those in steep slope zone and depression zone. The reservoirs in steep slope zone and depression zone of carbonate parent rock provenance are in a closed system. And dissolution in these zones mainly controls the adjustment and redistribution of pore types in the reservoir, and the net porosity increased by dissolution is limited. The compaction resistance of the reservoirs in the mixture parent rock provenance and metamorphic parent rock provenance is stringer, and the dissolution slows down the reduction of reservoir porosity. The reservoirs in shallow gentle slope zone of unstable provenance are in a relatively open diagenetic environment, where the dissolution can effectively improve the reservoir porosity. The distribution of abnormal high pressure is beneficial to the formation of reservoir fractures, which improves reservoir permeability and slows down the decrease of reservoir porosity, and plays a positive role in improving reservoir physical properties.

In this study, a qualitative classification method based on provenance type, sedimentation and diagenesis is put forward for terrestrial faulted basins with complex provenance systems and diverse sedimentary types, and the reservoirs of the 3rd to 4th members of Shahejie Formation in Chezhen Sag are divided into 4 categories and 8 subcategories. On the basis of qualitative reservoir classification evaluation, the parameters that can characterize the controlling factors of reservoir physical properties are selected for quantitative analysis, and the reservoir evaluation index (REI) in the study area is determined. The reservoir in the study area can be divided into three grades: the main frequency interval of REI value of grade Ⅰ reservoir is 0.42 to 0.58, which belongs to high quality reservoir. The main frequency interval of REI value of grade Ⅱ reservoir is 0.20 to 0.33, which belongs to fair reservoir, and the main frequency interval of REI value of grade Ⅲ reservoir is 0.06 to 0.18, which belongs to poor quality reservoir. With the increase of REI value of reservoir, the oil-bearing grade of corresponding reservoir gradually increases, and there is a good correspondence between high-quality reservoir and oil distribution. Therefore, the reservoir grading evaluation model has a good geological significance for indicating the distribution of oil reservoirs. The results of reservoir grading evaluation show that the reservoirs in the southern gentle slope of the upper sub-member of Es₄ member in Chexi sub-sag, the reservoirs in the metamorphic parent rock provenance and the reservoirs in the unstable parent rock provenance of the lower sub-member of Es₃ member in Guojuzi sub-sag are favorable exploration zones.