当前不容忽视的相当庞大的犯罪被害人群体和我国理论研究的相对不足，以及笔者参与了本土性犯罪被害人调查，有相应的实证素材作支撑，是选择犯罪被害人之被害性作为研究主题的动机所在。有关犯罪被害人的被害性问题，作为犯罪学中被害人问题的研究重点之一，从我国学界现有的研究来看，这一问题还没有得到应有的重视，难以发挥对立法与司法的指导作用。加强对犯罪被害性问题的研究，既符合预防犯罪的客观需要，也能够促进刑事立法与司法进一步朝合理化方向发展，同时也是丰富我国犯罪学理论及相关理论研究的重要途径。 本文确立的基本研究思路是从被害事实到对策（规范）构建，即从被害现象的事实层面出发，描述我国本土常见犯罪被害人的所表现出来的人口统计学特征，并揭示犯罪被害人的内在特征——低自我控制水平，还原犯罪—被害过程中行为双方的互动过程；以此为基础，提出社会对被害预防应当采取的反应方式和内容，包括建立社会预防与个人预防并重的被害预防体系以及探索刑法视野中的被害人责任法定化途径。在研究方法方面，突出了实证方法的应用。 全文共分为六个部分： 第一部分概念辨析。学界对于“犯罪被害人之被害性”这一概念的使用多有歧义，焦点集中于“犯罪被害人”和“犯罪被害性”这两个核心语词。本文采用了最狭义的犯罪被害人概念。从研究的操作性角度出发，将犯罪被害性区分为影响犯罪被害性的客观因素与主观因素两方面，并将被害性因素纳入到犯罪—被害的互动过程中，考察影响犯罪被害性的主观因素如何转化并最终影响了犯罪与被害的具体过程，以此还原犯罪的全貌，厘清犯罪被害性因素在犯罪发生和发展过程中的影响。 第二部分影响犯罪被害性的客观因素。性别方面，在特定类型犯罪中，男女被害概率存在明显差异；年龄方面，年龄与被害率呈现显著相关，被害人年龄段的分布根据被害类型有所不同；婚姻状况方面，婚姻状况与年度被害率之间存在相关关系；受教育程度方面，诈骗犯罪被害人的受教育程度与被害风险之间存在正相关；家庭经济条件方面，家庭暴力的被害率与家庭经济水平存在负相关。此外，户籍所在地对年度被害率也有着相当程度的影响。 第三部分影响犯罪被害性的主观因素。由于相当一部分犯罪被害人或多或少具有影响犯罪被害性的主观因素，本文借鉴“低自我控制理论”分析犯罪被害人性格特征中存在的影响犯罪被害性的因素。低自我控制水平作为犯罪被害人被害性的主观因素的表现，可以较好地解释犯罪被害人的人口统计学特征，能够反映犯罪被害性特征与被害风险之间的相关性，并可以将其作为预测各类具体犯罪被害风险的主要指标。这一解释方法扩展了犯罪学理论中低自我控制理论的适用范围，为研究犯罪被害人提供了一个新的思路和视角。 第四部分对犯罪被害性外化过程的模拟还原。对于被害人与犯罪人互动关系的研究，目的在于探讨犯罪被害性因素是如何从或然外化演变为必然的，因此研究的重点集中在于犯罪发生之前二者之间的既存人际关系及其犯罪发生时被害人与犯罪人之间的实际互动关系。从人际互动关系视角切入，以环形模型为假设，以抢劫和强奸为例，研究表明犯罪—被害过程中犯罪人与被害人之间的互动，作为一种特殊类型的人际交往活动，是可以通过人际关系环形模型进行分析、解释并预测的。由此推导出犯罪被害性的具体外化过程：潜在的犯罪被害人所具备的内在的被害性因素——自我控制能力低，通过特定的具象化行为表现出来，这些行为导致其遭遇犯罪被害的风险加大；一旦遭遇实际的犯罪侵害，这些行为又会导致被害结果的扩大化或严重化。 第五部分提出有效的被害预防策略，为具体预防措施的设计和实施提供方向性指导。着力构建社会预防和个人预防并重的被害预防工作体系，发挥两个层面的不同作用。社会预防主要从开展地区性犯罪被害调查，开展被害预防的宣传教育，扩大社会预防主体范围，加强重点时空的监控、重点环节的干预和对易被害群体的保护四个方面开展。作为被害预防体系中最活跃同时预防效果最显著的因素，为确保个人被害预防措施的有效实施，应当秉持科学预防、常防不懈以及预防与减损并重两个原则。弱化个人固有的被害性的客观因素，减少个人被害性主观方面的因素，阻断被害性的外化过程都是有效的个人被害预防方式。社会预防与个人预防两个层面的相互结合，方可构成被害预防的完整系统。 第六部分探讨刑法视野中被害人过错情节法定化的设想。在论证法定化的依据和价值之后，在比较、借鉴域外相关立法规定的基础上，提出了一些我国推进被害人过错法定化的立法设想。强调将被害人过错引入刑法领域，不仅有助于促使直接承受被害后果的被害人引以为戒，并引导其他社会成员反思自己的不良心理与行为倾向、加强自我防范意识，而且通过引进新的研究范式可以对犯罪与刑事责任问题进行更全面和更准确的认识，更好地实现刑法规范的引导作用和达成社会控制目标。 从我国被害人过错的立法现状和司法实践现状出发，通过对国外相关立法规定的比较分析，推进我国被害人过错情节法定化的基本思路为：先在刑法分则中就被害人过错明显的典型个罪作出明确规定，将对被害人过错情节的评价与对犯罪人刑事责任的评价紧密结合起来，在逐步积累经验并为社会公众所认识和接受后，再适时上升为刑法中的原则性规定，最终实现被害人过错情节法定化的全面实现。

The number of crime victim is too large to ignore. And current theoretical research is relatively insufficient in China. That is why I have chosen the victimity of crime victim as my research theme. As one of the highlights of victim study, the victimity of crime victim has not been the attention it should. That leads to play a role of legislative and judicial guidance difficultly. Concentrating on the victimity is the objective demand of the crime prevention. It can promote the rational development of criminal legislation and the judicial further. Meanwhile, it is an important approach to enrich criminology theories and correlation theories in China. The basic study route is taking from the facts to the construction countermeasures. Starting with victim phenomena, describe the demography characteristics of the common crimes victim, reveal the intrinsic characteristic of victim personality trait: low self-control, and reproduce the interactive process between the offender and victim. According to that, explore the appropriate approach and content of the social-oriented victim prevention, including to establishing the prevention system by social and individual prevention equally. Meanwhile find the rational path to legalize the victim liability. In terms of research methods, the application of the empirical method is highlighted. The thesis is divided to six parts: Part One: analysis the conception of victimity. There are many misunderstandings for the concept of ambiguity. The contradiction is focused on the two key words: crime victim and crime-victim victimity. In this paper, the narrowest concept of crime victim is adopted. Considering the feasibility of research, victimity is divided into two forms: objective and subjective factors. In order to understand how to static factors transfer to dynamic ones and influence the offend-victim interactive process. Finally, the victimity factors are taken into the offender-victim interactive process. Part Two: analysis and induction of the objective victimity: demography characteristics. In gender, the victim risk between male and female in certain common crime is significant difference. There is also a significant correlation between age and victim rate. The distribution of the victim ages varies depending on the types of crime. In marital status, the victim rick of unmarried people is higher than married ones. In terms of the education level, these people with the higher level of education are relatively higher risk of fraud. These ones in better family economic condition are relatively lower risk of domestic violence. Besides, the registered permanent residence is considerable influencing the annual victim rate. Part Three: analysis of the subjective victimity: the personality traits of victim. According to low self-control theory, common features of crime victim character are analyzed. As the victim characteristics in common, low self-control can explain the demographic characteristics of crime victim, and reflect correlation between victim and risk. It can be predicted as the main indexes of all kinds of specific risk of crime victims.This new explanation method extends the scope of low self-control theory in criminology. Meanwhile, it provides a new perspective to research crime victim. Part Four: the interpretation and reduction of externalizing process. Both objective and subjective factors are probable factors. We need to know how these probable factors transfer to indispensable ones. Therefore，our focus lies in the existing relationships between offenders and victims before the crime occurred and the interaction process between victim and offenders　when the crime is happening. In the perspective of interpersonal interaction, taking an example of robbery in circumplex model, our research shows that the offender-victim interaction is a special kind of interpersonal interaction. It can be analyzed, explained and predicted by circumplex model of interpersonal relationships. Therefore, we can deduce the externalization of victimity: static (inner) factors in potential crime victim, as known as low self-control, get acted out in certain specific behaviors. These actions increase the risk of suffering to crime victim. Once the crime happens, these actions will lead to more serious result. Part Five: effective victim preventive strategies. According to the victim characteristics of vulnerable individuals and groups, based on the purpose of reducing crime, effective victim preventive strategies are put forward. These strategies provide directional guidance for specific prevention in designing and practicing. The victim prevention system by social and individual prevention which have different effects equally should be established. Social prevention can work around four aspects: to carry out the regional crime victim surveys, to carry out public education of victim prevention, to increase participants of social prevention, and to strengthen the monitoring of vulnerable space, time, part and the protection of vulnerable groups. Personal prevention needs to insist on two principles: scientific prevention unremittingly and prevention as important as reducing loss. There are three effective methods: to weaken personal inherent objective factors, to reduce subjective factors, and to block externalizing process. Getting social and individual prevention together, that constitutes the complete victim prevention　system. Part Six: the basic idea of the victim’s fault delimitation in Criminal Law. After discussing the legal basis and value and comparing and drawing lessons from foreign related legislation, I realize the victim’s fault delimitation in China and put forward some legislative ideas. It can help victims taking warning, guide the other members of the society reflect their own bad psychological and behavior tendency and strengthen the self-awareness. Meanwhile, by introducing a new research paradigm can deepen to understand comprehensively and accurately on crime and criminal responsibility. It also can implement the guiding role of norms of criminal law and achieve social control better. At present, the criminal legislation in our country, there is no specific provisions of the criminal victim’s fault. Even in the judicial practice, there is lack of the rational understanding of the concept. Based on the legislative situation of the victim’s fault and the judicial practice in our country, by comparative analysis of foreign related legislation, in our country the victim’s fault delimitation path should follow the steps. First, these cases in what the victim’s fault is obvious should be regulated clearly in specific provision of criminal law. The evaluation of victim’s fault should close tie to the evaluation of criminal responsibility. After accumulating experience and accepting for the public gradually, it can become one of the principles in criminal law at the appropriate time. Eventually the victim’s fault system should be established comprehensively.