亲子依恋是婴幼儿与其抚养者（主要是母亲）之间形成的稳定的情感联结状态。相关研究表明，依恋关系的形成具有天然的生理学基础，并在后天的亲子互动中得到持续发展。高质量的亲子互动是促进亲子依恋的重要条件。根据婴幼儿发展阶段的不同，亲子互动、亲子依恋和亲子关系三者之间的关系会有不同的表现。那么，对于0-4岁的婴幼儿而言，这三者之间的关系如何？受哪些因素影响？特别是，母亲与婴幼儿在互动过程中表现出哪些主要类型？本研究将采用问卷法和观察法对以上问题进行探讨。 研究一选取103名母亲作为研究被试，通过发放亲子互动质量问卷、依恋行为 Q-Set 分类卡片与亲子关系问卷，对母亲与婴幼儿之间的互动质量、依恋安全性水平与亲子关系之间的相互关系进行研究。结果表明：（1）母亲的受教育程度，第一抚养人与婴幼儿的年龄是影响互动质量、依恋安全性水平和亲子关系的重要因素；（2）互动质量与依恋安全性水平、亲子关系的亲密性呈显著正相关，与冲突性呈显著负相关；（3）年龄在互动质量与依恋安全性水平之间存在调节作用，2岁前后，对互动质量与依恋安全性水平有显著不同的影响。 研究二通过对19对母亲和婴幼儿的互动过程进行观察，分别对视频中母亲和婴幼儿的语言和行为进行编码和分析。结果发现：（1）母亲和婴幼儿之间的互动主要有三种类型：冲突型、亲密型和平衡型；（2）三种不同类型的亲子互动在依恋安全性水平上不存在显著差异，但在亲子关系的亲密性维度上存在显著差异。 结合研究结论，本研究提出四点教育启示：（1）树立科学的家庭养育观念，明确亲子依恋是母亲与婴幼儿以情感联结为纽带进行持续性代际互动的社会产物；（2）探索有价值的亲子互动类型，通过丰富多元的亲子活动和高质量的亲子关系促进安全型亲子依恋的形成；（3）关注母亲之外的抚养人在亲子互动中的作用，加强家庭教育支持系统建设，为母亲教养行为改进提供充分支持；（4）重视家风家教建设，良好家庭文化是母亲养成和婴幼儿健康成长的最好资源。

Parent-child attachment refers to the stable state of emotional connection formed by infants and their caregivers (mainly mothers), which is generated in the process of interaction between infants and their caregivers. Studies have shown that attachment has a natural physiological basis and continues to develop in parent-child interactions. High quality parent-child interaction is an important condition to promote parent-child attachment. The relationship among parent-child interaction, parent-child attachment and parent-child relationship varies according to the development stage of infants. So what is the relationship among the three for 0-4 year old? By what factors? In particular, what are the main types of mother-infant interactions? This study will use questionnaire and observation method to discuss the above questions. In the first study, 103 mothers were selected as research subjects. Through the distribution of parent-child interaction quality questionnaire, q-set classification card of attachment behavior and parent-child relationship questionnaire, the interaction quality between mothers and infants, the level of attachment security and the correlation between parent-child relationship were studied. The following results were obtained through analysis：(1)The degree of education of the mother, whether the parents are the first caregivers, and the age of infants are important factors affecting the quality of interaction, attachment security level and parent-child relationship. (2)The quality of interaction was positively correlated with attachment security and the intimacy of parent-child relationship, and negatively correlated with conflict. (3)Age has a moderating effect on the level of interaction quality and attachment security. Specifically, before and after the age of 2 years, there were significant differences in the level of interaction quality and attachment security. By observing the interaction process of 19 pairs of mothers and infants, the second study coded and analyzed the language and behavior of mothers and infants in video, and found that: (1)There are three types of interaction between mothers and infants: conflict, intimacy and balance. (2)There was no significant difference in the level of attachment security between the three types of parent-child interaction, but there was significant difference in the intimacy dimension of parent-child relationship. Combined with the research conclusions, this study proposes four educational implications:(1)The scientific concept of family rearing should be established, and it should be made clear that parent-child attachment is the social product of the continuous intergenerational interaction between the mother and the infant based on the emotional connection. (2)Explore valuable parent-child interaction types, and promote the formation of secure parent-child attachment through rich parent-child activities and high-quality parent-child relationship. (3)We should pay attention to the role of non-mothers in parent-child interaction, strengthen the construction of family education support system, and provide adequate support for the improvement of mothers' parenting behavior. (4)Attach importance to family style and family education construction, good family culture is the best resource for mother cultivation and healthy growth of infants.