在当代社会，父母养育倦怠问题的不良影响越来越受到人们关注，其对学生积极心理品格发展的深远影响不容忽视。初中生处于青春期阶段，由于家庭环境和父母压力等多重因素的叠加，父母出现养育倦怠的可能性更大，养育倦怠水平往往也会更高，对初中生的影响更为突出。坚毅，作为初中生积极心理品格的重要组成部分，是学生完成学业、顺利进入社会的重要心理保障。然而，在青春期这一关键时期，初中生身心发展迅速，父母面临着更大的养育压力，容易导致父母养育倦怠的产生。这种养育倦怠不仅可能破坏亲子关系，还可能影响初中生基本心理需求的满足，进而阻碍他们坚毅品格的发展。基于这一现实背景，本研究在前人相关理论和已有研究的基础上，以个体为中心的视角，深入探讨了父母养育倦怠的潜在类型，以及这些不同类型的养育倦怠对初中生坚毅品格的影响。并进一步探究亲子关系、基本心理需求满足在这一影响过程中的链式中介作用，以期为缓解改善父母养育倦怠的不良影响、促进初中生坚毅品格发展提供理论支持和实践指导。

本研究选择了北京市和海南省13所中学的2787个家庭中初中生（初一年级）以及他们父母作为研究对象。采用问卷调查法收集父母亲养育倦怠、初中生亲子关系、基本心理需求满足、坚毅等信息。研究一通过潜在剖面分析，探讨父母教养倦怠的潜在类型，并分析不同类型父母教养倦怠的特点。研究二在研究一的基础上分析了不同父母养育倦怠类型对初中生坚毅的影响。研究三纳入了亲子关系（父子关系/母子关系）、子女基本心理需求满足作为中介变量，探究其在父母教养倦怠类型对初中生坚毅影响中的链式中介作用。

研究结果如下：

1.父母养育倦怠存在异质性亚群，包含5种类型，分别是父母养育倦怠存在“父母均低养育倦怠组”、“父母均高养育倦怠组”、“父亲高倦怠，母亲低倦怠组”、“父亲低倦怠，母亲高倦怠组”、“父亲低倦怠，母亲中等倦怠组”5种类型。不同父母养育倦怠类型在父母养育倦怠维度上存在显著差异，但在初中生性别间不存在显著差异。

2.父母养育倦怠类型对初中生坚毅有显著影响，即不同父母养育倦怠类型在初中生坚毅总维度以及坚毅二维度（兴趣一致性和努力坚持性）上均存在显著差异。在初中生坚毅总维度以及坚毅二维度上，“父母均低养育倦怠组”的孩子得分最高，显著高于其他四组：“父母均高养育倦怠组”、“父亲高倦怠，母亲低倦怠组”、“父亲低倦怠，母亲高倦怠组”和“父亲低倦怠，母亲中等倦怠组”；而“父母均高养育倦怠组”的孩子的得分最低，显著低于其他四组。

3.在父母养育倦怠类型对初中生坚毅的影响中，亲子关系和基本心理需求满足起显著的中介作用。对于“父母均高养育倦怠组”、“父亲低倦怠、母亲中等倦怠组”来说，亲子关系、基本心理需求满足在其中起到中介作用；对于“父亲高倦怠，母亲低倦怠组”来说，基本心理需求满足在其中起中介作用；对于“父亲低倦怠、母亲高倦怠组”来说，亲子关系在其中起中介作用。

研究结果表明，父母养育倦怠是影响初中生坚毅发展的一个重要家庭风险因素，而亲子关系、基本心理需求满足可在其中产生链式中介效应。这一发现提示，在教育方面，教育研究者或者心理专家应该需要注重辨别父母所出现养育倦怠的类型，通过针对性改善亲子关系、促进子女基本心理需求得到满足，可以缓解养育倦怠的消极影响，帮助促进初中生发展坚毅品格。

In contemporary society, the adverse effects of parental burnout are receiving more and more attention, and its far-reaching impact on the development of students' positive psychological character cannot be ignored. Junior high school students are in the stage of adolescence, due to the superposition of multiple factors such as family environment and parental pressure, parents have a higher possibility of parental burnout, and the level of parental burnout tends to be higher, which has a more prominent impact on junior high school students. Grit, as an important part of middle school students' positive psychological character, is an important psychological guarantee for students to complete their education and enter society successfully. However, during the critical period of adolescence, when middle school students develop rapidly physically and mentally, parents face greater parental pressure, which can easily lead to parental burnout. Such parental burnout may not only damage parent-child relationships, but also affect the satisfaction of junior high school students' basic psychological needs, thus hindering the development of their grit character. Based on this realistic background, this study, on the basis of previous related theories and existing studies, takes a person-centered perspective to explore in depth the potential types of parental burnout and the effects of these different types of parental burnout on junior high school students' grit character. At the same time, and further explore the chain mediating role of parent-child relationship and the basic psychological need satisfaction in this influence process, with a view to providing theoretical support and practical guidance for improving and mitigating the adverse effects of parental burnout and promoting the development of middle school students' grit character.

In this study, 2,787 junior high school students (first grade) and their parents from 13 middle schools in Beijing and Hainan Province were selected as research subjects. Questionnaires were used to collect information on parental burnout, parent-child relationship, the basic psychological need satisfaction and middle school students' grit. Study I explored the potential types of parental burnout through potential profile analysis and analyzed the characteristics of different types of parental burnout. Study II analyzed the effects of different types of parental burnout on middle school students' grit based on study I. Study III incorporated parent-child relationship (father-child or mother-child relationship), and children's the basic psychological need satisfaction as mediating variables to explore their chained mediating roles in the effects of parental burnout types on middle school students' grit.

The results of the study are as follows:

1.There were heterogeneous subgroups of parental burnout, including five types, namely, parental burnout in the "both parents low parental burnout group", "both parents high parental burnout group", "father high burnout, mother low burnout group", "father low burnout, mother high burnout group" and "father's low burnout, mother's medium burnout group". There were significant differences in parental burnout dimensions among different types of parental burnout, but not among the genders of junior high school students.

2. There was a significant effect of parental burnout types on middle school students' grit, i.e., there were significant differences between parental burnout types on the total dimension of middle school students' perseverance as well as on two dimensions of grit (interest consistency and effort persistence). On the total dimension of middle school students' grit as well as on two dimensions of grit, children in the "both parents low parenting burnout group" scored the highest, significantly higher than the other four groups: "both parents high parenting burnout group", "father high burnout, mother low burnout group", "father low burnout, mother high burnout group" and "father low burnout, mother medium burnout group"; Children in the "both parents high parental burnout group" had the lowest scores, significantly lower than the other four groups.

3.Parent-child relationship and the basic psychological need satisfaction played a significant role in mediating the effects of parental burnout on middle school students' grit. For the "both parents high parental burnout group" and "father low burn-out, mother medium burnout group", parent-child relationship and the basic psychological need satisfaction played a mediating role; for the "father high burnout, mother low burnout group", the basic psychological need satisfaction played a mediating role. For the "father high burnout, mother low burnout group", the basic psychological need satisfaction played a mediating role; for the "father low burnout, mother high burnout group", parent-child relationship played a mediating role.

The findings suggested that parental burnout was an important family risk factor affecting middle school students' grit development, in which parent-child relationship and the basic psychological need satisfaction can have a chain-mediated effect. This finding suggested that educational researchers and psychologists should focus on identifying the type of parental burnout that occurs in parents, and that improving the parent-child relationship and facilitating the fulfillment of children's basic psychological need can alleviate the negative effects of parental burnout and promote the development of grit in middle school students.