反义词作为一种重要的词汇现象早在甲骨文时期就已经存在，但是对它的研究与同义词、复音词等方面的研究相比显得比较薄弱，而且研究对象多局限于先秦几部文献，《释名》是东汉末期刘熙撰写的训诂专著，在《释言语》一篇172个训列中反义对立的就有41组，且全都是成对排列，而在《释名》之前，还没有一本字书这样有意识地集中地来排列反义词。本文的目的在于对这些反义词进行全面、系统的研究，并分析评价刘熙对这些反义词词义的注释。全文共分为五个部分，第一部分：前言，主要包括《释名》的地位和研究价值、《释名•释言语》反义词研究在古代汉语词汇学史的意义、古汉语反义词理论研究的基本状况、以及本文的主要内容和研究方法等。第二部分：反义词判定标准和判定方法，明确提出对《释言语》反义词的判定原则：(1)同一前提下的对立。(2)义项相反相对。(3)在一定语境中具有对举关系。按照这一判定标准，我们共得四十一对反义词。第三部分：《释名•释言语》反义词的分析描写。这一部分分别从词性、反义词的表达内容、反义关系的意义特征以及反义关系的对应这四个角度对《释名•释言语》中的四十一对反义词进行分类，对这四十一对反义词进行全面细致的分析描写。第四部分：《释名•释言语》反义词历时比较研究及演变原因探讨。这部分又分为两个小节，首先是从历时的角度对《释名•释言语》反义词聚合的变化进行比较研究，尽可能地揭示出这些常用反义词的演变轨迹，同时对这些反义词聚合变化的原因进行探讨。第五部分：刘熙《释名•释言语》注释分析。这一部分主要是分析刘熙对于《释言语》中的这些反义词的注释是否揭示了反义词词义的对立关系、以及刘熙的释义有哪些价值和特点等等，在此基础上评价刘熙对这些反义词的注释。通过这五个部分的分析研究，我们发现，《释名•释言语》这四十一对反义词形容词最多，动词稍次，名词最少。反义词语义对立关系复杂，而基本词汇的反义关系相对稳定，变化不大。反义词聚合演变的原因复杂，包括词义变化、音节变化、语法变化等多方面复杂的因素。我们用义素分析法确定了刘熙对其中一部分反义词的对立关系有比较准确的揭示，刘熙在揭示反义词对立关系时很多时候采用补说的方法，对声训词加以再次解说，从而更明确地解释了被释词。而刘熙在对反义词进行训释时，对一些意义比较抽象的反义词采用了一些具体可知的范畴来解释，更多地表现了他独特的研究思想和训释方法。

Although antonym，as an important lexical phenomenon， exists as early as in inscription on bones or tortoise shells，the research is relatively weak compared with the research of synonyms， polysyllabic words and so on，and the object of study is limited to the pre-Qin literature.“Shi Ming”is an expository treatise monographs which is written by Liu Xi in Han Dynasty，In the chapter of “language interpretation”，there are 41 pairs of antonyms in a column of 172。Before“Shi Ming”，there is no dictionary so conscious to order Antonyms concentration. The purpose of this paper is carried out systematic study and comprehensive analysis on these Antonyms，and to evaluate of Liu ’s annotation of these antonyms. The whole treatise consists of 5 chapters. ChapterⅠ：introduction， including the status and research value of“Shi Ming”，significance of Antonyms study on“release language”in the history of ancient Chinese Lexicology，the basic situation of theoretical research on the ancient Chinese Antonyms，the main contents of this article and research methods and so on.Chapter II：the standard and method of determining antonyms，explicitly put forward the judging principle of Antonyms in“language interpretation”：(1) the opposition under the premise of the same basis. (2) the anti-meaning relations. (3) can exits in the same context. According to this criterion，we have a total of 41 pairs of antonyms.Chapter III：the analysis of Antonyms in“release of language”.This section classifies the 41 pairs of antonyms in“Shi Ming•language interpretation”from four angles---the part of speech，semantic content，the relationship between the conceptions of antonyms and the opposite semantic relation.Part IV：dialectically analysis with a mixture of synchronic and diachronic research on antonyms of “language interpretation”.This part is divided into two sections，firstly doing comparative study on the changes of antonyms in“language interpretation，to reveal the evolution of these antonyms as much as possible，then doing comprehensive analysis on the reason of the change.Part V：the study on Liu’s explanation in“Shi Ming•language interpretation”This section is mainly analysis whether Liu’s e explanation reveals the opposite semantic relation of these antonyms and what are the characteristics of the Liu’s explanation，to evaluate the Liu’s explanation on this basis. Through the analysis of five parts， among 41 pairs of antonyms in“Shi Ming•language interpretation”，the adjective antonyms are at the top in quantity，the verb antonyms are less，the noun antonyms are the least. Reasons for antonyms’ change are complex，including complex factors such as changes in meaning， syllable changes， changes in grammar and so on. Through semanteme analysis we ascertain Liu Xi reveal opposite semantic relation of some antonyms. And Liu Xi used the supplementary interpretation to explain the words again，this method can explain the words more definitely. We also find， Liu used a number of specific areas known to explain some antonyms which meaning is abstract，more demonstrated his unique ideas and the research approach.