经济全球化是当今国际社会一种客观普遍的经济现象，生产力的高度发展使所有生产要素和经济关系跨越国家和地区界限日益自由流动，使世界经济在全球范围内融合为一个难以分割的整体，而贸易自由化正是经济全球化最直观的体现。贸易自由化在提升一国整体福利水平的同时，也对其国内的收入分配格局和各阶层的收入分配差距产生影响。收入分配差距作为一个国家经济是否健康发展，社会是否公平公正的具体体现，反过来又对各国是否愿意继续作为经济全球化的一份子，接受自由化贸易造成影响。在近些年贸易保护主义和“逆全球化”思潮兴起的背后，我们都可以看到收入分配失衡的影子。贸易自由化与收入分配差异之间的关系也从2000年以后逐渐变成国内学者研究的热点问题。那么，贸易自由化与一国的收入分配差异宏观上到底有什么样的关系，对不同富裕程度的人群会造成什么样的影响，这就是本文所要探究的主题。在全球化进程频繁受阻，新冠疫情迟迟未能消散的今天，这些问题的解答对于理解世界经济发展的进程，具有重要的现实意义。

本文在回顾传统的国际贸易理论的基础上，利用国际贸易预警组织对世界各国于2009-2018年期间在国际贸易层面所遭受多大程度的自由化冲击和阻碍化冲击的估算数据，以及同期各国前1%，前10%和后50%富裕程度的人均GDP进行实证分析。回归结果显示，在2009-2018年期间，自由化冲击仅对前1%富裕人群有显著的正面效应，对前10%和后50%富裕人群无显著影响；阻碍化冲击对前1%富裕人群无显著影响，对前10%富裕人群有显著正面影响，而对后50%富裕人群有显著负面影响。

Economic globalization is an objective and universal economic phenomenon in today's international society. The high development of productive forces enables all factors of production and economic relations to flow more and more freely across national and regional boundaries, and makes the world economy integrate into an indivisible whole on a global scale. And trade liberalization is the most intuitive manifestation of economic globalization. While trade liberalization improves a country's overall welfare level, it also affects its domestic income distribution pattern and the income distribution gap among various strata. The income distribution gap is a concrete manifestation of whether a country's economy is developing healthily and whether the society is fair and just. In turn, it has an impact on whether countries are willing to continue to be part of economic globalization and accept liberalized trade. Behind the rise of trade protectionism and the "de-globalization" trend in recent years, we can all see the shadow of imbalanced income distribution. The relationship between trade liberalization and income distribution differences has gradually become a hot topic of domestic scholars' research since 2000. Then, what is the macroscopic relationship between trade liberalization and the income distribution difference of a country, and what impact will it have on people with different levels of wealth? This is the theme of this article. Today, when the process of globalization is frequently hindered and the Corona Virus epidemic has not been dissipated, the answers to these questions are of great practical significance for understanding the process of world economic development.

On the basis of reviewing the traditional international trade theory, this paper uses the estimated data of the Global Trade Alert to estimate the degree of liberalizing and harmful shocks suffered by countries around the world at the international trade level during 2009-2018, as well as per capita GDP of the top 1%, the top 10% and the bottom 50% of wealthy people in the same period of the same country to conduct empirical research. The regression results show that during the period 2009-2018, the liberalizing shocks only had a significant positive effect on the top 1% of wealthy people, and had no significant impact on the top 10% and the bottom 50% of the wealthy; Harmful shocks had no significant impact on the top 1% of wealthy people, while had a significant positive impact on the top 10% of wealthy people, and had a significant negative impact on the bottom 50% of wealthy people.