2009年12月，农业部批准了2例转基因作物的安全证书，一是转基因水稻，二是转基因玉米。此消息一出，立刻引起了全民的关注。转基因作物及其产品获得农业部颁发的安全证书，则意味着该转基因作物品种已经结束了实验室、生产性试验阶段，得到了有关主管部门的批准，在技术方面确定为安全，下一步便可以进行商业化种植、生产、销售，进入流通领域，走上人们的餐桌成为生活的必需品了。对转基因作物及其产品的安全审批，作为控制转基因食品进入市场、进入流通领域的第一道关口，是决定能否把转基因食品在研究、试验阶段未知的风险控制到最低，从源头上保障转基因食品对人体健康和生态环境的安全的关键。 本文旨在建立以风险预防原则为基础，树立对转基因食品“稳步发展，谨慎监管”的理念，以维护转基因技术发展过程中的公众利益为基本价值取向的转基因食品安全审批制度。通过对美国、欧盟转基因食品的安全审批制度的研究，借鉴其适合我国国情和现状的一些制度，对完善我国转基因食品安全审批制度提出一些建议。 本文除前言外，分为四个部分：第一部分主要介绍了转基因食品安全监管的概述，包括转基因食品的概念，分析目前转基因食品的发展现状及未来趋势，并主要介绍了对转基因食品安全审批监管的必要性及在监管中要遵循的理论原则，为后文做铺垫、引导。第二部分主要从转基因食品的安全审批的理论原则、法律依据、审批主体、程序等方面介绍了美国和欧盟对转基因食品的审批制度。 第三部分首先分析了我国当前对转基因食品监管的立法情况，其次介绍了目前我国对转基因食品安全审批制度的法律依据以及主要内容，安全审批的主体及程序；重点分析了当前转基因食品安全审批制度中存在的不足和缺陷，并从美国和欧盟的安全审批制度总结从中得出的启示。 第四部分则是针对转基因食品安全审批制度中存在的不足，结合发达国家的先进制度和我国的实际情况，对完善我国转基因食品安全审批制度提出一些建议。

In 2009 December, the Ministry of Agriculture approved safety certificate for 2 cases of genetically modified crops, the one is a genetical modified rice, the other is transgenic maize. This message, immediately aroused people's attention. Transgenic crops and products safety certificate issued by the Ministry of agriculture, it means that the transgenic crop varieties have finished in laboratory, obtained the approval of the relevant competent department, in the aspect of technology for safety, the next step will be for commercial cultivation, production, sales, into the circulation, go on the table of people become the necessities of life. On the safety approval of GM crops and their products, as the control of genetically modified food into the market, to enter the circulation of the first pass, is to determine whether the genetically modified food risk in the study, experimental stage unknown control to a minimum, genetically modified food on human health and ecological environment safety critical security from the source.This paper aims to establish the precautionary principle as the foundation, set up the genetically modified food "steady development, prudential regulation" concept, in order to maintain the transgenic technology in the development of the public interest is the basic value orientation of genetically modified food safety examination and approval system. Through the research on the America, genetically modified food listed security examination and approval system, some system which suits our country national condition and current situation, to improve the safety of genetically modified food in China, the examination and approval system and puts forward some suggestions.Besides the introduction, this paper is divided into four parts:The first part mainly introduces the overview of genetically modified food, including the concept of genetically modified food, genetically modified food safety, analysis of the current development situation and future trend of GMF. Then mainly introduces the theoretical principle of the necessity of genetically modified food safety regulatory approval and must follow in supervision and management.The second part mainly from the theoretical principles, approval of the principal and system are introduced in the aspects of America and EU on genetically modified food listing approval system.The third part analyzes the legislation in our country current regulation of genetically modified food, as well as the main monitoring system, then introduces the legal basis for our approval of genetically modified food safety system as well as the main contents, subject and process safety approval, and analyzed the existing safety of genetically modified food approval system problems and defects. And summarizes the enlightenment of America and EU.The forth part solve the problems existing in the safety of genetically modified food examination and approval system, combined with the advanced system in developed countries and China's actual situation, to improve the safety of genetically modified food in China, the examination and approval system and puts forward some suggestions.