天麻是兰科植物天麻的植物块茎，是传统的名贵中药材，在中国具有2000多年前的种植历史，主产于四川、贵州、云南等地，天麻的化学成分复杂，其中分离出的化学物质有200多种，受地理气候因素的影响，不同产地的天麻由于受温度、湿度和土壤等因素的影响，质量存在差异。研究天麻的化学成分与地理环境之间的关系，对保证其质量具有重要意义。

本论文选取52个不同产地和品种的天麻，通过在70%甲醇溶液超声1h的方法提取其中的活性成分，并利用UPLC-MS分析方法对这些天麻提取物进行检测，以比较不同地区的天麻的甲醇提取物中的各活性成分的不同。利用偏最小二乘法进行差异性验证，发现二者存在显著性差异，进行 T检验对巴利森苷类化学物的含量进行差异性验证，得出巴利森苷E和B的P值均大于0.5，并不存在显著差异，巴利森苷C和A的P值均小于0.5分别为0.016与0.02，证明南北方天麻中巴利森苷C和A的含量确实存在显著性差异，通过色谱对巴利森苷C和A的峰面积进行作图，得到南方天麻巴利森苷C和A的含量高于北方产天麻，而巴利森苷E和B并没有明显差距。本论文为评价南、北方天麻品质提供了实验数据。

Gastrodia elata is the tuber of the orchid plant Gastrodia elata, which is a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal material. It has a planting history of more than 2000 years in China and is mainly produced in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places. The chemical composition of Gastrodia elata is complex, among which more than 200 chemical substances are isolated, which are affected by geographical and climatic factors. There is a difference in quality. It is of great significance to study the relationship between chemical composition and geographical environment of Gastrodia elata.

In this paper, 52 different origin and varieties of gastrodia elata were selected to extract the active ingredients in 70% methanol solution for 1h by ultrasonic method, and UPLC-MS analysis was used to detect these extracts, so as to compare the different active ingredients in the methanol extracts of Gastrodia elata from different regions. Partial least square method was used to verify the difference, and significant differences were found between them. T-test was conducted to verify the difference in the content of balisenside chemicals, and it was concluded that the P values of Balisenside E and B were both greater than 0.5, and there was no significant difference. The P values of Balisenside C and A were both less than 0.5, which were 0.016 and 0.02, respectively. It was proved that there were significant differences in the content of palissenoside C and A in northern and southern Gastrodia elata. The peak area of palissenoside C and A in southern Gastrodia Elata was mapped by chromatography, and the content of palissenoside C and A in southern Gastrodia Elata was higher than that in northern Gastrodia elata, while there was no significant difference between palissenoside E and B. This paper provides experimental data for evaluating the quality of Gastrodia elata in southern and northern China.