贺拉斯是典型的古罗马奥古斯都时代的诗人，作为一个与奥古斯都时代政治紧密交织的罗马诗人，他的诗歌涉及罗马社会生活的方方面面，对于我们了解奥古斯都时代的罗马历史无疑具有非常重要的意义。但两千多年过去了，埋在埃斯奎琳山深处的贺拉斯的累累白骨早已变成了其他生物的养料，他的精神营养到目前为止却还没有被充分吸收。在国内外学术界主要存在研究资料匮乏和研究体系松散两大问题。在国内，他的全部162首诗歌作品只有28首被翻译成汉语。在国外，西方学者对他的研究也不甚了了，对如下重要问题缺乏深入的解读：他的诗歌到底与政治有什么样的关系？他诗歌中的罗马帝国是什么样的？他对罗马公民社会又有怎样的看法？笔者在前人研究的基础上，试图弥补国内外翻译和研究的不足，已把贺拉斯的全部作品翻译成汉语，即将出版与国内读者见面，并以贺拉斯的全部诗歌作品为主要史料，结合对罗马史的研究，对其政治实践、帝国认同和公民理想进行研究和揭示，为人们深入了解古罗马文人的生活提供一种参考，从而丰富今天的罗马史研究。第一章集中论述贺拉斯的政治实践。作为一个诗人，贺拉斯的政治实践是以其作品为工具的间接的政治参与，因此他的政治理念需要缓慢渗透到政治话语体系的肌理里，从而自然融入政治系统的血液之中。贺拉斯的政治实践包括如下四个方面：用诗歌歌颂统治者的文治和武功、用诗歌劝谏统治者、用诗歌对公民进行道德教诲和用诗歌表达政治心态。笔者以贺拉斯作品的创作时间为序，对其作品进行全面分析，以史料为据，还原其以诗歌为工具的政治实践历程。通过分析贺拉斯诗歌与奥古斯都时代政治的互动，笔者揭示出贺拉斯的诗歌理想与世俗权力之间存在一种非常饱满的诗性张力，统治者迫切需要诗人用诗歌为自己张目，而贺拉斯对文学原则又非常执着，二者都极力满足自己的目的，这使得作为诗人政治实践外在表现形式的作品处处体现出这种张力。贺拉斯的大部分诗歌作品是诗人在自己的诗歌理想与统治者的世俗权力之间寻求妥协与平衡的结果。第二章重点关注贺拉斯的帝国认同。贺拉斯的帝国认同是他作为一个诗人个体，通过诗歌表达对罗马帝国的政治理解，追求作为个体的自我与作为整体的帝国的同步性和同一感，试图实现个人生活与帝国秩序的和谐统一。贺拉斯对罗马帝国的认同是多元的，在其诗歌中主要体现帝国元素的三个方面：国家、文化和元首。这三个重要元素可以具化为贺拉斯的意大利观、他对罗马文化的解析和他笔下的奥古斯都形象三个部分。贺拉斯的意大利观包括五个方面：地理环境、民族构成、政治归属、经济状况和文化属性，这是一个诗人对意大利的立体印象；贺拉斯认为罗马文化可以与希腊文化优势互补，交融合一；贺拉斯笔下的奥古斯都呈现出三种形象：罗马内战的平定者、周边异族的征服者和共和制度的恢复者。第三章主要揭橥贺拉斯的公民理想。贺拉斯的公民理想包括他对罗马美德的阐释、他对罗马社会的憧憬和他作为一个罗马公民所践行和憧憬的生命哲学。在奥古斯都统治建立后，贺拉斯呼吁罗马共和国时期美德的回归，把其作为新时代启幕的宣言，这完全是为奥古斯都的统治政策服务的，与奥古斯都向罗马人承诺的恢复共和制度如响应声；关于贺拉斯的社会理想，笔者主要通过对其理想社会的实现途径和理想社会中的自然、神祇和公民样态的分析，展示诗人的乌托邦理想；贺拉斯的生命哲学是其公民理想的哲学延伸，包括中庸之道（aurea mediocritas）、向死而生、及时行乐（carpe diem）和舍生取义四个方面，他的生命哲学不属于斯多葛主义，因为他不想放弃生活中的舒适和享受，他的生命哲学也不属于伊壁鸠鲁主义，因为他不想放弃社会责任，他把斯多葛主义和伊壁鸠鲁主义最好的品质结合在一起，认为完美的人既是一个具有荣誉感和爱国主义精神的罗马公民，也是一个能够享受生活乐趣的闲鸥野鹭，他毕生追求一种政治理想和人性欲望的全方位满足。

Horace is a typical Roman poet in the Augustan era. As a Roman poet who is closely connected with the politics of the Augustan era, his poetry reflects many aspects of Roman social life. To study his poetry will be significant for us to understand the history of Augustan era. But his works has not been closely studied until now, there are two main deficiencies: one is lack of research data, the other is the loose research system. Only 28 of his total 162 poems have been translated into Chinese domestically, and the research on Horace is not deeply penetrated abroad. Based on Horace’s whole works, the thesis aims to make researches into Horace’s three aspects: political practice, empire approval and citizen ideal. The researches will help people to understand Roman poets and enrich the researches of Roman History nowadays. The first chapter is concerned with Horace’s political practice. As a poet, Horace’s political practice is based on his works. The thesis analyzes Horace’s main works: Odes, Satires, Epodes, Epistles and Hymn for a new Age, combines other classical writers’ works, refers to modern writers’ opinions, and restores to Horace’s whole political practice experiences based on historical facts. Through analyzing the interaction between Horace’s poetry and Augustan politics, the thesis reveals a tension between Horace’s poetry ideal and secular authority. Horace’s works is the manifestation of his political practice, the reflection of the tension and the result of his seeking the balance between self-awareness and public power. The second chapter deals with Horace’s empire approval. Horace’s approval to the Roman Empire includes his view on Italy, his analysis of the Roman culture and the image of Augustus in his works. The thesis makes researches into Horace’s five aspects of his view on Italy: geographical environment, nationality composition, political affiliation, economic condition and cultural attribute, which is Horace’s tridimensional impression on Italy. As to Horace’s perspective on Roman culture, the thesis mainly deals with his exposition to the relations between Greek culture and Roman culture, explores his real view on Roman culture. As to the image of Augustus in Horace’s works, the thesis is concerned with Augustus’s three images: the pacificator of the Roman civil war, the conqueror of the non-Roman races and the restorer of the Republican system. The thesis combines the relevant historical facts, explores the differences between Horace’s poetry and historical writings, and discovers his purpose to fashion the three images of Augustus. Horace’s view on Italy, his analysis of the Roman culture and the image of Augustus in his works can be considered as his empire approval through his poetry.The third chapter discovers Horace’s citizen ideal. Horace’s citizen ideal includes his view on Roman morality, his longing for Roman society and his life philosophy as a Roman citizen. Since the reign of Augustus has been established, Horace calls on the return of the moralities during the Roman Republic, and makes them a declaration to the beginning of a new age. Horace’s appeal serves Augustus’ ruling policies, and agrees with the Republican system promised by Augustus to restore. As to Horace’s social ideal, the thesis demonstrates his utopia through realization approach of his utopia and the analysis of nature, deity and citizen in his utopia. Horace’s life philosophy is the extension of his citizen ideal, which includes golden mean, being towards death, making merry while one can and dying for righteousness. Horace’s life philosophy doesn’t belong to Stoicism, because he doesn’t want to give up the comfort and the enjoyment in life. Horace’s life philosophy doesn’t belong to Epicureanism either, because he doesn’t want to give up social responsibility. Horace combines the best qualities of Stoicism and Epicureanism, and considers a perfect man is both a patriotic Roman citizen and a free anchorite who can enjoy the life interests. Horace pursues an all-around satisfaction of political ideal and human desire.