屋大维是罗马元首政治的开创者。他确立了罗马的元首制，并获得“奥古斯都”头衔。本文主要对奥古斯都在位期间的内政措施以及影响进行分析。奥古斯都通过调整元老院人员和职能，限制元老院的权力。他将行省划分为元老院管辖、元首管辖等不同类型，割断了元老院与军队的联系。在军事领域，他裁减军团、创立常备军、创建近卫队，巩固了对军队的控制。在文学领域，他鼓励文学创作，通过文人宣传其统治的正当性。奥古斯都通过元老院等合法形式完成了其内政改革，而其措施的共同目标均在于自身统治。

Octavius is the founder of imperial Rome, and won the "Augustus" title. This dissertation researches on the Augustus reign and effects of it. It’s believed that Augustus limit the power of senate by adjustment of the Senate staff and function. He also classified the provinces into the different types, depended on being ruled by the Senate or heads of state, cut off the relation between Senate and the armies. In the military field, he reduced number of the Legion, founded the standing army, created household guards, consolidating his rule of the army. Besides that, he encouraged literary creation. By these measures, Augustus completed the interior reform through the Senate and other legal forms, while his ultimate aimwas to stabilize his rule.