教科书中的历史人物在不同时代中往往呈现出不同的形象。顾炎武作为明末清初的经学大师，其形象在清末民国时期中学国史教科书中也经历了一个不断演变的过程。在此过程中，教科书对顾炎武的叙述在学术地位、学术思想归类、政治属性三个方面均有所变化。在顾炎武的学术地位上，特尊炎武、顾黄并提、诸儒并立是几种主要的描写方式。对于顾炎武学术的归类，则有着汉学和兼采汉宋的争论，但顾氏开创了清代汉学、考据学，其学提倡经世致用的观点则受到普遍认同。进入民国后，顾炎武明末遗民的政治属性也逐渐觉醒，其抗清事迹亦渐次被加入教科书之中，整体形象日趋丰满立体。在清末民国时期顾炎武形象塑造的过程中，政治环境、学术嬗变及不同编写者的个人因素均发挥了重要作用。在这些因素的相互影响、共同作用之下，顾炎武在教科书的形象也从单纯的学者，逐渐演变为一代抗清志士、学术大家。

Historical figures in textbooks often present different images in different times. Gu Yanwu, as a master of Confucian classics at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, his image also experienced a continuous evolving process in the textbooks of middle school Chinese history at the end of Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. In this process, the description of Gu Yanwu in textbooks has changed in three aspects: academic status, academic thought classification and political attribute. In the academic status of Gu Yanwu, the main ways of description are to special respect Gu Yanwu, to respect Gu Yanwu and Huang Zongxi equally, to respect all the famous Confucians equally. For the classification of Gu Yanwu's academic, there is a dispute between the Han school of classical philology and the adoption of both the Han school of classical philology and philosophical theories of Song scholars. However, Gu initiated philology and textual research in the Qing Dynasty, and his view of promoting practical use is generally accepted. After entering the Republic of China, Gu Yanwu's political attributes of the adherents of the late Ming Dynasty were gradually awakened, his anti-Qing deeds were gradually added to the textbooks, and the overall image became increasingly full and three-dimensional. In the process of shaping Gu Yanwu's image in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the political environment, academic evolution and personal factors of different writers all played an important role. Under the mutual influence and joint action of these factors, Gu Yanwu's image in the textbook has gradually evolved from a simple scholar to an anti-Qing Soldiers of Justice and a great Confucian scholar.