现代国家认同面临着诸多挑战。经济全球化带来的社会交往的密切，交通、通讯以及网络技术的进步，消费社会的发展，多元文化的盛行等都从不同角度对国家认同建构提出了挑战。作为一个处于转型时期的发展中国家，中国也同样面临着国家认同建构的挑战。本文通过公民身份视角对国家认同建构特别是当代中国国家认同建构加以研究。 公民身份具有悠久的历史传统。随着社会实践的发展，公民身份的内涵、外延、深度都在不断的发展，从而延伸出多种多样的公民身份范畴：环境公民身份、女性公民身份、城市公民身份、全球公民身份、亲密公民身份、族群身份等。公民身份因之包括权利、义务、责任、美德、文化、平等、正义、认同等多种要素。而国家可以被视为政治法律共同体、文化共同体与民族共同体，相应地，从公民身份视角出发，也可以对政治—法律公民身份、文化—心理公民身份和民族身份进行阐释。公民权利的保障与实现，公民对责任的承担和义务的履行、对公共事务的参与，都有助于其政治认同感的提升。历史记忆的书写、共享价值观念的建构、象征性符号的运用、节日与仪式的重视、优秀传统文化的继承与弘扬、意识形态的有效建构等有利于公民文化身份认同的建构，有助于从文化心理层面上增进人们的国家认同感。保障和实现少数民族的权利，保护其文化和语言文字，加强各民族的交流与沟通，促进不同民族之间的融合，有助于促进民族身份与公民身份的协调，进而在更高层次上实现国家认同。在全球化的今天，世界公民身份认同给国家认同带来的挑战也不容小觑。我们应该在全球风险不断增加的情况下加强国与国之间的合作，增强公民的国际理解，培养具有国际视野的公民，构建人类命运共同体。

National identity is facing many challenges in modern society. The close social communication, the progress of transportation, communication and network technology, the development of consumer society and the prevalence of multiculturalism challenge the construction of national identity from different angles. As a developing country in the period of transition, China is also faced up with the problem of national identity construction. This paper studies the construction of national identity from the perspective of citizenship, especially the construction of national identity for contemporary China. Citizenship has a long history, and with the continuous advancement of social practice, the connotation, extension and depth of citizenship are constantly developing, thus extending a variety of categories of citizenship: environmental citizenship, female citizenship, city citizenship, global citizenship, intimate citizenship, ethnic identity, etc. Citizenship therefore includes rights, obligations, responsibilities, virtues, culture, equality, justice, identity, and many other elements. The state can be regarded as a political-legal community, a cultural community and a national community. Accordingly, from the perspective of citizenship, it can also explain the political-legal citizenship, cultural-psychological citizenship and national identity. The guarantee and realization of rights of citizens, the fulfillment of citizens of duties and obligations, and the participation in public affairs contribute to the promotion of political identity. The writing of historical memory, the construction of shared values, the use of symbolic symbols, the importance of festivals and rituals, the inheritance and promotion of outstanding traditional culture, and the effective construction of ideology are conducive to the construction of civic cultural identity. Contribute to the promotion of a sense of national identity at the cultural and psychological level; By guaranteeing the rights of ethnic minorities, protecting their culture and language, and strengthening the exchange and integration of nationalities, they can promote the coordination between national identity and citizenship, and then promote the realization of national identity on a higher level by citizens. In the globalization today, the challenge that the world citizenship identity brings to the national identity cannot be underestimated. We should guide cooperation among nations in the context of increasing global risks, enhancing international understanding of citizens, foster citizens with an international vision, and build a community with a shared future for mankind by binding unilateral acts of States in moral and international conventions.