人道主义干涉被称为冷战结束后国际关系中涌现的一股重要的理论思潮和实践趋势，它对国际关系的发展和变革产生了重大影响。随着经济全球化的迅猛发展和人民追求人权、民主意识的提高，主权国家内部发生的人道主义灾难，特别是严重侵犯生命权的行为已经受到国际社会越来越多的关注，也成为催生人道主义干涉制度的土壤。然而，对于人道主义干涉的正当性，不仅不同国家之间分歧很大，甚至同一国家的不同学者之间也对该问题存在着激烈的争论。作为对人道主义干涉的理论创新和发展作出巨大贡献的一方，英国学派的观点多集中在对多元主义和社会连带主义问题进行的论争上。以约翰•文森特为代表的社会连带主义者极力推崇人道主义干涉，认为其在国际实践中具有必要性和正当性，这与多元主义者对人道主义干涉的消极谨慎态度形成了较强的对比。以丹麦为代表的北欧国家也主张对现行的主权独立原则进行严格限制，从而为人道主义干涉打开了大门。以中国为代表的第三世界国家多数认为，主权原则和不干涉内政原则是稳定国际关系的基石和维护现存国际秩序的重要保障，它们仍然应该被视为处理当今国际关系的基本准则，而人道主义干涉的理论和实践对这两项原则的事实均构成了不小的威胁。1999年以美国为首的北大西洋公约组织以“人道主义干涉”为由发动对科索沃的战争，推动了国际社会对西方人道主义干涉理论基础及其实践状况的争论，使其达到了一个新的高潮。本文旨在通过对人道主义干涉正当性的理论研究和实践案例进行分析的基础上，提出判定人道主义干涉正当性的标准和确保其正当性的建议，并在此基础上提出我国应对人道主义干涉的基本思路。

As an important ideological trend and practice in international society, humanitarian intervention has caused a great impact to the world since the cold war. As the rapid development of the economic globalization and the consciousness of people’s pursuit to human rights as well as democracy, a humanitarian disaster especially the illegal act which overwhelmingly breaths the rights of human life has attracted more and more attention throughout the world, which, of course, gives rise to the appearance and development of humanitarian intervention. Different countries as well as different scholars in one country, however, hold different views toward the justification of humanitarian intervention. The theory of English school can be divided into Solidarism and Pluralist concept of international society. Different from Pluralists who hold negative attitude to humanitarian intervention, the Solidarism represented by R. J. Vincent appreciate the necessity and rightness of humanitarian intervention. The Nordic countries represented by Denmark also ask to restrict the rule of sovereignty, which paves ways to humanitarian intervention. Most of the third-world countries including China consider the rules of sovereignty and non-interference as the basic rules and cornerstones of the stability of the international relationships. The theory and practice of humanitarian intervention, on the other hand, greatly threatens both the above rules. In 1999, the NATO led by the USA started a war to Kosowo by the name of humanitarian intervention, which initiated a new movement to the debate on humanitarian intervention. This paper is aimed at bringing forward the rules to regulate humanitarian intervention based on the research of theological and practical humanitarian intervention cases. On the basis of the above research, this paper offers suggestions to China on how to deal with humanitarian intervention.