陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品具有深厚的艺术魅力，同时又具有深刻的复杂性和矛盾性。《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》是他晚年创作的最后一部长篇小说，是他一生创作的结晶和思想总结。这部作品对人类囿于现代化困境中的现实荒谬、存在焦虑、信仰救赎及其道德沉沦进行了深入思考。本文以错乱与秩序的二元对立关系为切入点，以陀思妥耶夫斯基在《作家日记》中表述的思想观点为参照，并结合巴赫金关于复调小说的诗学理论，对小说的具体文本进行分析。陀思妥耶夫斯基将各种思想塑造成文学形象，他笔下的人物并不具有独立于作者的自由。通过艺术手法，他展现了这些人物的思想冲突和自我怀疑，从而在作品中再现了现实社会的混乱状态，并力图构建以博爱为核心的道德秩序。当代读者应辩证看待巴赫金对陀思妥耶夫斯基作品的解读，重新审视陀氏以斯拉夫主义为导向的价值判断体系，在文学作品所展示的悲剧困境中，建立自己的道德秩序。

Dostoevsky’s works have a deep artistic charm and at the same time a profound complexity and contradiction. The Brothers Karamazov, the last full-length novel he wrote in his later years, is the culmination of his life's work and the summary of his thoughts. This work is an in-depth reflection on the absurdity of reality, existential anxiety, salvation of faith and its moral sinking of mankind caught in the dilemma of modernization. Taking the dichotomy of disorder and order as the starting point, the paper analyses the specific text of the novel with reference to the ideological views expressed by Dostoevsky in The Writer's Diary and in conjunction with Bakhtin's poetic theory on polyphonic novels. Dostoevsky moulds various ideas into literary images, and his characters do not have freedom independent of the author. Through artistic techniques, he shows the conflict of ideas and self-doubt of these characters, thus recreating the chaotic state of the real society in his works and trying to construct a moral order centred on fraternity. Contemporary readers should take a dialectical view of Bakhtin's interpretation of Dostoevsky's works, re-examine Dostoevsky's Slavophilic-oriented system of value judgement, and build their own moral order amidst the tragic dilemmas presented in the literary works.