高质量的劳动力供给是经济高质量发展的必要条件。一方面，提高劳动参与率能够增加劳动力供给的量；另一方面，提高生育率能够改善人口结构，进而改善劳动人口结构。作为劳动参与和生育的主体，适龄劳动人口的劳动和生育决策是影响劳动力供给质量的关键因素，而子女照料压力是影响家庭生育和劳动决策的重要指标。本文采用多阶段的倾向得分匹配法来刻画子女不同成长阶段父母劳动供给的动态变化情况，进而探究各阶段父母面临的子女照料压力，以求为缓解其各阶段照料压力提供对策，从而减轻家庭的生育顾虑和养育子女对父母劳动参与的负面影响，解放潜在生产力。研究发现，子女照料对父母劳动参与的负面影响主要集中在子女成长阶段的早期，且主要由母亲承担；子女成长阶段的后期，家庭教育的时间投入减少，经济投入增加，母亲的劳动参与率逐渐回升。

High-quality labor supply is a necessary condition for high-quality economic development. On the one hand, increasing the labor force participation rate can increase the amount of labor supply, and on the other hand, increasing the fertility rate can improve the demographic structure, which in turn improves the working-population structure. As the main body of labor participation and childbirth, the labor and fertility decisions of the working-age population are the key factors affecting the quality of labor supply, and the pressure of child care is an important indicator affecting family fertility and labor decisions. This paper uses the multi-stage propensity score matching method to describe the dynamic changes of parents' labor supply at different stages of children's growth, and then explores the pressure faced by parents at each stage of child care, in order to provide countermeasures to alleviate the care pressure at each stage, alleviate the family's fertility concerns and the negative impact of parenting on parents' labor participation, and liberate potential productivity. The results show that the negative impact of child care on parents' labor participation is mainly concentrated in the early stage of children's growth, and is mainly borne by mothers, and in the later stage of children's growth, the time investment in family education decreases, the economic investment increases, and the labor force participation rate of mothers gradually rises.