良好的生涯适应力对高中生生涯发展具有重要意义。高中时期是青少年生涯发展的重要阶段，再加上当前我国的新高考改革背景，引导学生抉择未来发展方向成为趋势，而父母作为青少年的重要他人，其教养方式在高中生生涯发展中起着关键作用，探究父母教养方式对生涯适应力的影响机制很有必要。本研究以贵州遵义市普通高中高一至高二年级的652名高中生为研究对象，使用《简式父母教养方式量表》、《生涯适应力量表》、《领悟社会支持量表》、《生涯决策自我效能感量表》对父母教养方式、生涯适应力、领悟社会支持、生涯决策自我效能感之间的关系和影响机制进行研究，研究结果如下：

（1）高中生生涯适应力总体上处于中等偏上水平，生涯控制水平最高，生涯自信得分最低；高中生的父母教养方式倾向于情感温暖和过度保护，高中生更多感知到的是母亲教养方式和积极教养方式；高中生生涯决策自我效能感总体上处于中等水平，但在收集信息维度得分相对较低；高中生领悟社会支持总体上处于中等偏上水平，对不同支持源的感知水平由高到低依次是朋友支持、其他支持和家庭支持。

（2）高中生生涯适应力总体水平以及生涯好奇、生涯控制维度在性别上不存在显著差异，仅生涯自信和生涯关注维度存在性别差异，其中生涯关注维度女生得分显著高于男生，生涯自信维度男生得分均值显著高于女生；高中生的生涯适应力在年级上不存在显著差异；生涯适应力及其各维度在家庭居住地上均存在显著差异，居住在城镇的高中生生涯适应力及其各维度得分均值显著高于居住在乡村的高中生；高中生生涯适应力总体水平及其各维度在父亲教育程度上不存在显著差异，高中生的生涯关注维度在母亲受教育程度上存在显著差异。

（3）高中生积极教养方式与领悟社会支持、生涯决策自我效能感、生涯适应力均存在显著正相关（P<.001）；领悟社会支持与生涯决策自我效能感、生涯适应力之间存在呈显著正相关（P<.001）；生涯决策自我效能感与生涯适应力呈显著正相关（P<.001）；消极教养方式与领悟社会支持、生涯决策自我效能感、生涯适应力之间相关均不显著。

（4）积极教养方式直接正向预测高中生的生涯适应力；领悟社会支持、生涯决策自我效能感及二者的中介链在积极教养方式和生涯适应力之间的中介效应均显著；消极教养方式不能直接影响生涯适应力，也不存在中介作用。

基于以上研究结果和分析，本研究认为可以通过促进高中生的领悟社会支持和生涯决策自我效能感水平来提高高中生的生涯适应力水平。

Good career adaptability is of great significance to the career development of high school students. High school is an important stage in the career development of teenagers, and with the current reform of China's new college entrance examination, it has become a trend to guide students to choose their future development direction, and parents, as important others of adolescents, play a key role in the career development of high school students. This study was conducted among 652 senior high school students from grade one to grade two in Zunyi, Guizhou Province, using the simple parenting style scale, career adaptability scale, perceived social support scale, perceived career decision self-efficacy scale, the relationship and influence mechanism among Parenting styles, career adaptability, perceived social support and perceived career decision-making self-efficacy were studied. The results are as follows.

(1) high school students' career adaptability was generally above the middle level, with the highest level of career control and the lowest career confidence score; high school students' parenting styles tended to be emotionally warm and overprotective, and perceived more from maternal parenting styles and positive parenting styles; high school students' career decision-making self-efficacy was generally at a moderate level, However, the score in the dimension of collecting information is relatively low; the perceived social support of senior high school students was in the middle to upper level, and their perceived levels of different support sources are friends' support, other support and family support from high to low.

(2) There were no significant differences in the overall level of career adaptability and the dimensions of career curiosity and career control among high school students by gender, but only in the dimensions of career confidence and career attention, with girls scoring significantly higher than boys in the career attention dimension and boys scoring significantly higher than girls in the career confidence dimension. There were no significant differences in the level of career adaptability of high school students in terms of grade; There were no significant differences in the level of career adaptability and its dimensions in terms of family residence, with high school students living in urban areas scoring significantly higher in career adaptability and its dimensions than high school students living in rural areas; There were no significant differences in the overall level of career adaptability and its dimensions in terms of father's education, and there was a significant difference in the career attention dimension of high school students in terms of mother's education.

(3) There was a significant positive correlation between positive parenting style and perceived social support, career decision self-efficacy, and career adaptability among high school students (p<.001); a significant positive correlation between perceived social support and career decision self-efficacy and career adaptability (p<.001); a significant positive correlation between career decision self-efficacy and career adaptability (p<.001); and a significant positive correlation between negative parenting style and perceived social support, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career adaptability were not significantly related to each other.

(4) Positive parenting style directly and positively predicted high school students' career adaptability; the mediating effects of perceived social support, career decision-making self-efficacy and the mediating chain between the two were all significant between positive parenting style and career adaptability; Negative parenting style did not directly affect career adaptability and did not have a mediating effect.

Based on the above research results and analysis, this study concluded that high school students' career adaptability could be improved by promoting their perceived social support and career decision-making self-efficacy levels.