散射校正对于精准快速获得定量PET重建图像有着重要的科学意义。基于单散射模拟的散射校正是目前运用最为广泛的散射校正方法，在假设所有散射均仅发生一次康普顿散射的情况下，运用Klein–Nishina公式对散射分布进行散射校正，其准确性和速度在各类散射校正方法中是一个很好的折中。本文基于传统的单散射模拟方法，并用近年来提出的新方法，实现了含飞行时间的单散射模拟散射校正方法，用最大似然法优化了“尾部拟合”方案，并用光线追踪算法提升了单散射模拟运算速度。

结果显示，在真实实验下，相较于未进行散射校正的图像，基于单散射模拟的PET图像快速重建散射校正能很好地抑制噪声，提高图像的对比度，增加图像的均匀性，一定程度提高了定量重建图像的质量。由此可以在临床上提高对小病灶的探查能力、进而可以缩短对病人的扫描时间、减少放射性药物注射量等，有着很高的临床价值。

Scatter correction is of essential scientific significance for obtaining precise and swift quantitative PET imaging. The most commonly used scatter correction technique, based on a single scatter simulation. This method assumes that all scattering incidents stem from a single Compton scatter and uses the Klein-Nishina equation to correct the scattering distribution, providing an optimal balance of accuracy and speed among various scatter correction methods. This paper enhances the traditional single scatter simulation method with recently proposed strategies, applies the maximum likelihood method for optimizing the “tail-fitting” scheme, and employs a ray-tracing algorithm to increase single scatter simulation's computational speed.

The results show that the scatter-corrected PET image reconstruction based on single scatter simulation rapidly suppresses noise while improving image contrasts and uniformity. This, in turn, enhances the quality of the quantitative reconstruction imagery to some degree. Therefore, it can boost the ability to detect small lesions clinically, thereby shortening patient scanning time and reducing the dosage of radiopharmaceutical injections. It carries high clinical value.