2021年，第七次全国人口普查数据公布，我国人口老龄化程度进一步加大，按国际划分标准，已接近深度老龄化，养老问题面临严峻挑战。近年来，国内很多学者加大了对农村养老的关注力度，从地域来看大多是对东部、中部、南部地区的农村养老问题进行研究，对西部地区农村养老问题研究相对较少。本人在四川省广安市广安区A村开展帮扶工作两年，经常与农村老年人接触，发现他们的生活存在不同程度的困难，农村主要以家庭养老模式为主，对A村家庭养老问题进行研究，提出合理可行建议，有利于提升农村老年人生活质量。

        本文采用直接观察法、问卷调查法、深度访谈法等研究方法对农村家庭养老问题进行研究，对A村60岁以上的242名老人开展问卷调查，并从60-69岁，70-79岁，80岁以上三个年龄段，按比例抽取部分样本，对老人及其子女开展访谈，深入分析A村农村家庭养老现状和问题，挖掘深层次原因，总结国内外农村家庭养老经验，结合本地实际，从提高家庭经济收入、建立完善养老保障体系、弘扬“孝”文化、扩宽养老模式等角度提出适合广安区农村的养老对策建议。本文主要从五个部分开展论述，第一章为绪论，首先介绍人口老龄化的背景，引出问题，介绍农村家庭养老问题研究意义，其次是介绍国内外文献综述，再是对人口老龄化、家庭养老、家庭规模、政府养老、社会养老等的概念进行阐述，接着对需求层次理论、角色理论与社会支持理论基本情况及运用进行介绍，然后介绍研究方法、制作技术路线以及研究内容，并指出创新和不足的地方。第二章详细阐述农村家庭养老现状与存在的问题，用调查结果来显示A村现状与问题，问卷数据展示总体情况，访谈实例展示微观情况，使问题呈现更加具体形象化。第三章为农村家庭养老存在问题的原因分析，从传统文化影响、家庭规模、政府支持、社会养老氛围等四个方面进行分析，探讨深层次原因。第四章为解决农村家庭养老问题的对策建议，综合前三部分研究内容，针对问题和原因，以及总结国内外农村养老实践经验，一一对应提出解决措施，以期在各方的努力下，共同改变农村养老现状，缓解家庭养老压力，提升老年人的物质和精神生活水平。第五部分结论与展望。养老问题是复杂的、长期性的，单靠传统的家庭养老难以为继，必须要政府、社会、家庭、个人等多种角色参与，共同为养老事业建设贡献力量，让农村老人真正实现“老有所依、老有所养”。

In 2021, the seventh national census data was released. According to international standards, the aging degree of China's population has further increased and is close to deep aging, and the old-age care problem is facing severe challenges. In recent years, many domestic scholars have increased their attention to the rural endowment problem. Geographically, most of them study the rural endowment problem in the eastern, central and southern regions, while relatively few study the rural endowment problem in the western region. I have been working in A Village, Guang 'an District, Guang 'an City, Sichuan Province for two years. I often come into contact with the elderly in rural areas and find that they have different degrees of difficulties in life. In rural areas, family pension mode is the main mode. Therefore, the study of family pension problems in village A and the proposal of reasonable and feasible suggestions are conducive to improving the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas.

In this paper, direct observation method, questionnaire survey method, in-depth interview method and other research methods were used to study the pension problems in rural families. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 242 elderly people over 60 years old in Village A, and some elderly people were selected from the three ages of 60-69 years old, 70-79 years old and over 80 years old in proportion to interview them and their children. We deeply analyzed the present situation and problems of the rural family endowment of A Village and excavate the deep level reasons, to sum up the experiences of rural family endowment at home and abroad, combined with the local reality, from increasing family economic income, establishing the perfect old-age security system, to carry forward the "filial piety" culture, broaden endowment patterns, such as angle, cross area of rural endowment countermeasures and Suggestions are proposed. This paper mainly discussed from five parts to carry out, the first chapter is the introduction, first of all, we introduce the background of population aging, which leads to the problem, introduces the research meaning in the problems of rural family endowment, secondly, we introduce the domestic and foreign literature review, once again, the article is of an aging population, family pension, family size, elaborates the concept of state pension and social pension,then we introduce the basic situation and application of hierarchy of needs theory, role theory and social support theory. After that, we introduce the research method, production technology route and research content, and point out the innovation and shortcomings. The second chapter elaborates on the current situation and existing problems of rural family pension, using the survey results to show the current situation and problems of village A, questionnaire data to show the overall situation, interview examples to show the micro situation, so that the problem is more specific and visualized. The third chapter analyzes the causes of the problems in rural family pension from four aspects: the influence of traditional culture, family size, government support, social pension atmosphere, etc., to explore the deep-rooted reasons. In the fourth chapter is the countermeasures and Suggestions to solve the problem of rural family endowment, integrated in the first three part of the research content, in view of the problems and reasons, and summing up the experience of domestic and foreign rural old-age, corresponding solving measures are put forward, to look forward to the mutual change of rural endowment, alleviate the pressure of the family pension, raising the level of material and spiritual life in the elderly in the efforts of all parties. The fifth part is conclusion and prospect. The elderly care problem is complex and long-term, and it is difficult to rely on traditional family care alone. The government, society, families, individuals and other roles must be involved to jointly contribute to the construction of the elderly care cause, so that the elderly in rural areas can truly realize the "old-age support".