本研究关注的是社工机构实施政府购买服务项目偏差的问题，即社工机构在实施政府购买服务项目过程中实际实施的“现实”情况与实施方案的“理想”状况之间产生了偏离，存在不一致的情况，具体从过程和功能两个维度综合考察，将关注点放在偏差类型、特征及成因分析上。

本研究以北京市朝阳区社工机构实施政府购买服务项目的实践为经验材料，结合以往文献研究与理论梳理。以社工机构实施政府购买服务项目的实施方案、实际实施过程中的困境及解决策略为基础，以委托代理理论中的委托代理次数越多、信息越容易失真的思考为起点，结合有限理性理论中经验的有限性和项目管理理论中相关利益主体博弈的思考，从过程性和功能性两个维度出发，构建了社工机构项目实施的“现实”情况与实施方案的“理想”状态之间的偏差类型，并分析了不同偏差类型的特征及成因。

过程性维度主要从项目实际执行过程中面对困境时所采取的解决策略是否偏离了实施方案的计划及目标展开，如果没有偏离则为调适性偏差，反之则为背离性偏差；功能性维度主要从项目实施的最终效果是否有益来判断，如果有益即为创生性偏差，反之则为衰减性偏差。从过程性和功能性两个维度对项目实施偏差进行类型划分，包括“创生—调适型偏差”、“创生—背离型偏差”、“衰减—调适型偏差”和“衰减—背离型偏差”四种类型。根据实践调研情况，本文重点分析了前三种偏差类型，发现不同偏差类型存在相同的特征，包括“欺硬怕软”、“重量轻质”、“博而不精”等，在困境来源、数量及专业性的完备程度方面也存在各自不同的特征。随后从政策实施的角度分析了不同类型偏差产生的原因，主要包括主体、客体和环境三个方面。主体方面，有政府主导下项目制的竞争性、社工机构专业度的差异性、社工机构与评估机构供需的低匹配性；客体方面，有项目落地社区的基础、服务对象的无条件好评；环境方面，有两社关系的调节、流动性的内在驱动、规范与发展的权衡，并从偏差的过程性和功能性维度对其产生的本质原因进行了阐述。

This study focuses on the social work institutions implementing government purchase services of the deviation problem, namely the social work organization in the process of implementing government purchase services project implementation scheme of the actual implementation of the "reality" and the "ideal" situation between the deviation, there is not consistent, concrete from two dimensions of process and function,The focus is on the types,characteristics and causes of the deviation.

The process dimension mainly focuses on whether the solution strategy adopted in the face of difficulties during the actual implementation of the project deviates from the plan and goal of the implementation plan. If there is no deviation, it is adjustment deviation; otherwise, it is deviation deviation.The functional dimension is mainly judged by whether the final effect of the project implementation is beneficial. If beneficial, it is creative bias; otherwise, it is attenuating bias.The project implementation bias is divided into four types from two dimensions of process and function, including "creation-adjustment bias", "creation-deviation bias","attenuation-adjustment bias" and "attenuation-deviation bias".According to the practical investigation, this paper focuses on the analysis of the first three types of deviation, and finds that different types of deviation have the same characteristics, including "bullying the hard and fearing the soft", "light weight", "broad but not good" and so on. There are also different characteristics in the sources of difficulties, the number and the degree of professionalism.Then it analyzes the causes of different types of deviations from the perspective of policy implementation, which mainly includes three aspects: subject, object and environment.In terms of the main body, there are the competition of government-led project system, the difference of professional degree of social work organizations, and the low matching between the supply and demand of social work organizations and evaluation organizations.As for the object, there are the foundation of the project landing community and the unconditional praise of the service object.In the aspect of environment, there are the adjustment of social relations, the internal drive of mobility, the trade-off between norms and development, and the essential reasons of the deviation are expounded from the process and functional dimensions.