党的十八大以来，我国持续加强和创新社会管理，政府购买公共服务作为一种政府推动职能转变、提升公共服务质量的公共服务供给方式也受到更多关注，然而当前政府尤其是基层政府购买公共服务实践工作的仍存在诸多问题，如何推动其制度化、规范化、科学化已成为一项重大而紧迫的课题。

本文以北京市朝阳区G乡人民政府为研究对象，在分析梳理购买公共服务相关文献资料基础上，借助史密斯政策执行过程模型和CIPP 评估模型作为本文分析的指导框架，对其开展政府购买公共服务工作的整体运行现状进行了调查研究。

通过分析研究有关文献、开展问卷调查和访谈，结合笔者的实践调研，查找出G乡人民政府当前主要存在服务项目没有解决实际问题，服务项目但没有发挥应有的效果；服务项目针对性不强，公共服务项目的内容和方式难以适应居民多样化的要求；服务覆盖面不全，开展购买的服务范围较窄，规模有限，数量不足，最终导致真正受益的群众人数不多三方面问题。

基于史密斯政策执行过程模型，分别从史密斯模型“四因素”出发，对当前G乡人民政府政府购买公共服务工作存在问题进行归因分析：一是从政策层面看，法律法规体系不完善，配套政策制度不健全，监督机制不完善。二是从执行机构层面看，购买主体存在认识偏差、宣传不足、购买行为偏向内部化问题，社会组织运作能力较为有限，评估主体绩效评估体系不完善。三是从目标群体层面看，居民参与意识不强、参与范围有限。四是从政策背景层面看，政治背景是政府观念未转变，经济背景是资金投入不足，社会背景是社会组织未能形成竞争性市场。

立足问题表现及归因分析，借助史密斯政策执行过程模型和CIPP 评估模型，有针对的提出了G乡人民政府政府购买公共服务工作的优化路径：从政策层面，完善相关政策及管理办法，加大监管力度，完善监管机制，提高监管能力。从购买主体层面规范购买过程，将政府打造成“精明买家”，包括规范购买程序，优化购买方式与购买流程；强化政府工作人员专业素养，提升决策的水平；加强政策宣传，提升政策知晓度。从承接主体层面积极培育社会组织，将社会组织打造成“优质服务供应商”，包括积极培训社会组织，加大对社会组织的扶持力度，社会组织需进一步提升自身能力。从评估主体层面，建立多元参与、贯穿全程的考核评估体系，包括基于 CIPP 评估模型，制定标准化、可操作化、动态完整的评估流程，构建多方参与的评估主体，多种考核评估方法相结合，构建科学合理有效的评估指标体系，强化评估结果的反馈和运用。从目标群体角度增强使用主体参与意识，提升使用主体履行责任的能力，包括增强使用主体参与意识，提升使用主体履行责任的能力，保障使用主体参与的权利。从政策背景层面要营造利于推进政府购买公共服务的良好政策环境，包括树立现代化的政府购买公共服务理念，建立以居民服务需求为导向的购买公共服务原则，搭建契约式公共服务购买供给机制。

本文旨在进一步丰富影响基层政府开展政府购买服务的解释变量，因地制宜提出优化路径，为G乡人民政府及其他基层政府推进政府购买公共服务工作，提供一定的借鉴。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has continued to strengthen and innovate social management. Government purchase of public services, as a way to promote the transformation of government functions and improve the quality of public services, has attracted more attention. However, there are still many problems in the practice of government purchase of public services, especially at the grassroots level. How to promote its institutionalization, standardization and scientific has become an important and urgent issue.

This paper takes the people's government of G Township, Chaoyang District, Beijing as the research object. Based on the analysis and review of relevant literature on purchasing public services, and with the help of Smith policy implementation process model and CIPP assessment model as the guidance framework of this analysis, the overall operation status of government purchasing public services is investigated and studied.

Through the analysis and research of relevant literature, questionnaire survey and interview, combined with the author's practice research, we find out that the main service projects of G Township people's government at present do not solve practical problems, and the service projects do not play the due effect. The targeted service projects are not strong, and the contents and methods of public service projects are difficult to meet the diversified requirements of residents; The coverage of services is not complete, the scope of purchased services is narrow, the scale is limited, and the quantity is insufficient, which ultimately leads to the real benefit of the masses is not large.

Policy implementation process model based on Smith, respectively from the Smith model township people's government of the four elements of current G attribution analysis of the problems in government purchasing public service work: one is from the policy level, imperfect legal system, form a complete set of policy system is not perfect, imperfect supervision mechanism. Second, from the perspective of the executive agency, there are problems such as cognition bias, lack of publicity, internalization of purchasing behavior, limited operation ability of social organizations, and imperfect performance evaluation system of appraisal subjects. Third, from the level of target group, residents' participation consciousness is not strong, the scope of participation is limited. Fourth, from the perspective of policy background, the political background is that the government concept has not changed, the economic background is insufficient capital investment, and the social background is that social organizations fail to form a competitive market.

Based on the problem manifestation and attribution analysis, with the help of Smith's policy implementation process model and CIPP evaluation model, this paper puts forward the optimization path of government purchase of public services by G Township people's government: from the policy level, improve the relevant policies and management methods, strengthen the supervision, improve the supervision mechanism and improve the supervision capacity. Standardizing the purchasing process from the level of purchasing subject, making the government a "smart buyer", including standardizing purchasing procedures, optimizing purchasing methods and processes; Strengthen the professional quality of government staff, improve the level of decision-making; Strengthen policy publicity, improve policy awareness. We should actively cultivate social organizations from the level of undertaking the main body and build them into "quality service providers", including actively training social organizations and increasing support for them. Social organizations need to further improve their own capabilities. From the assessment body level, establish a multi-participation assessment system throughout the whole process, including the CIPP assessment model based on the development of standardized, operational, dynamic and complete assessment process, the establishment of multi-participation assessment body, a combination of various assessment methods, the establishment of a scientific, reasonable and effective assessment index system, strengthen the feedback and application of assessment results. From the perspective of the target group, we should enhance the awareness of participation of the service objects, improve the ability of the service objects to fulfill their responsibilities, including enhancing the awareness of participation of the service objects, improving the ability of the service objects to fulfill their responsibilities, and protect the right of the masses to participate. From the level of policy background, it is necessary to create a good social environment conducive to promoting the government's purchase of public services, including establishing a modern concept of government purchase of public services, establishing the principle of public service purchase oriented by residents' service demand, and building a contractual public service purchase and supply mechanism.

The purpose of this paper is to further enrich the explanatory variables affecting the grassroots government to carry out government purchasing services, and put forward the optimization path according to local conditions, so as to provide certain reference for the people's government of G Township and other grassroots governments to promote the government purchasing public services.The purpose of this paper is to further enrich the explanatory variables influencing the grassroots government to carry out government purchase services, and to propose optimization paths according to local conditions, so as to provide some reference for G township people's government and other grassroots governments to promote government purchase public services.