本文主要研究南京国民政府的司法制度。南京政府司法体制以最高法院、高等法院、地方法院（兼理司法或县司法处）的三级三审为基本模式，以行政审判为辅佐，即在中央辅之以行政法院、中央公务员惩戒委员会，在地方辅之以地方公务员惩戒委员会，建立起完整的民刑审判、行政审判体系。全国实行上下一体的检察体制。南京政府确立的选拔、训练、任免、考核、奖惩的法官制度，为司法制度的现代化提供了人力资源；南京政府制定监狱、看守所及其管理人员的措施，强化了国家机器；法院依法定程序审判。南京政府的司法制度弊端表现为：司法受行政制约；地方法院未普遍设立；法官标准高；司法经费短缺；地方法院体制与检察体制设计有缺陷；诉讼延迟。南京政府时期，中国不是法治社会。

The dissertation focuses on the justice system of Nanjing national government. Nanjing national government’s justice system basted on the supreme court and high court and local court ,auxiliaried by central public employee committee administrative court and local public employee committee and administrative court ,formed a perfect trial system .Procurator general’ office led all works system of all Republic China. Nanjing nationgal government established judge system through choosing,training,checking ,rewards and punishments .The judge is very import resource for Nanjing national government’s justice modernization. Nanjing national government strengthen it’s autocratic by working out measure for jail and detention house and its administer .Court tried abided by legal program .The justice system of nanjing national government has a lot of malpractices:such as,justice was controlled by administrative ;there were more local court in all Republic China ;the legal staff standard is too high ;there was short justice funds ;there was a defect between local court system and local procurator system ;lawsuit frequently was postponed .In a words ,during Republic China ,China is not a society with rule of law.Keywords :justice system（system of instance）;judge system ;jail ;detention house ;conclude the trial of a case