家庭是儿童个性实现社会化的最初场所，儿童个性形成最为关键的几年就是在家中度过的。家庭的重要组成部分——父母，可以说是孩子生命中“最重要的人”，父母对儿童的陪伴对儿童以后的个性发展具有重要的意义。自我价值感作为青少年学生心理素质的重要方面，对他们的认知、动机、情感和社会行为有着重要广泛的培养作用。一直以来，流动儿童的身心发展都备受关注，面对数量如此庞大的一个儿童群体，尤其是考虑到他们的父母大多数是为了能够有一个更好地家庭生活而努力工作，可能对他们的关注会相应较少，为了更好地促进他们的身心健康成长，了解他们的当下的父母陪伴状况是十分必要的。本研究在借鉴已有国内外研究的基础之上，采用问卷调查法，采用修订的《小学生父母陪伴状况调查问卷》、《青少年自我价值感量表》，考察了北京本地儿童和流动儿童的父母陪伴现状以及自我价值感发展水平，得出以下结论：（1）总体来看，儿童母亲各维度的陪伴水平高于父亲各维度的陪伴水平，父亲陪伴的四个维度中，学习陪伴的水平最低，情感陪伴的水平最高。母亲陪伴的四个维度中，娱乐陪伴的水平最低，养育陪伴的水平最高。儿童的工作日父亲陪伴时间、工作日父亲积极陪伴时间、周末父亲陪伴时间、周末父亲积极陪伴时间均少于母亲。（2）相比较而言，本地儿童的父亲娱乐陪伴、情感陪伴以及总体陪伴水平高于流动儿童，本地儿童的母亲各维度的陪伴水平高于流动儿童。不论是本地儿童还是流动儿童，其父亲陪伴的各维度水平均低于母亲陪伴的各维度水平。（3）年级不同，儿童的父母亲陪伴的各个维度水平以及总体水平呈现显著差异。父母受教育水平不同，儿童的父母陪伴的各维度水平以及总体水平也不同。总体而言，受教育水平较高的父母，其对儿童的陪伴水平也较高。（4）父亲陪伴的四个维度、父亲陪伴总分以及母亲陪伴的四个维度、母亲陪伴总分与儿童自我价值感均存在着显著正相关。即父亲的陪伴水平、母亲的陪伴水平越高，儿童的自我价值感越高。（5）父亲情感陪伴、母亲养育陪伴、母亲学习陪伴对儿童自我价值感有正向预测作用。其中，对儿童自我价值感最具预测力的是母亲学习陪伴，其解释变异量为21%。

Family is the primary context where children socialize their own personality, as it parallelizes with the crucial period during which children develop and form their unique characters. That is also to say that parents are the most important influence for their children, as the fundamental components of a family, hence parental companion account for significant meanings for children under this progress. Speaking of teenage students’ vital psychological aspect, their senses of self-worth are specifically influential on their cognitions, motivations, emotions and social behaviors. Conventionally, the physical and mental development of migrant children has always been under the public spotlight, and it is quite necessary to look into the actual status and condition of parental companion for them and to promote a better environment for their physical and mental development, considering the enormous quantity of migrant children and the fact that their parents can hardly spare time to be around those children.Learning from existing researches both domestically and internationally; this dissertation employs a modified version of The Parental Companion Survey for Primary School Students and The Scale of Self-worth for Adolescent to study the parental companion status and the self-worth development level for both local and migrant children in Beijing, using the questionnaire survey method. Lastly, it draws to the following conclusions:（1）Generally speaking, it indicates by all elected dimensions that mothers tend to spend more time with their children than fathers, for both local and migrant children. For all four dimensions, fathers allocate most of their time with children to emotional companion, and least to educational companion; while mothers allocate most of their time to raise their children and least to entertaining activities with them. Also, mothers defeats fathers in lights of the lengths of weekday companion, weekday active companion, weekend companion and weekend active companion. （2）In comparison, the measurements of father entertaining companion level, father emotional companion level and overall parental companion level for local children are higher than that for migrant children. A same conclusion can be drawn for local children’s mothers and migrant children’s mothers in all dimensions. （3）For children in different grades, parental companion levels vary dimensionally and generally. It applies too, when parents’ education experiences differ. Commonly, parents often tend to spare more time with their children, as parents’ education level increases. （4）Four companion dimensions and overall companion, for both mother and father, are positively correlated with their children’s senses of self-worth. In other words, the higher level of parental companion is, for mothers and fathers respectively, the higher level of their children’s sense of self-worth is.（5）Father’s emotional companion, mother’s parenting companion and mother‘s educational companion promote positive predictions of children’s senses of self-worth. Moreover, mother’s educational companion has the most significance in such aspects, as 21% of the observation variations can be explained by this indicator.