我国预防性环境民事公益诉讼目前尚处于起步阶段，其相关的理论与制度设 计存在诸多不足，导致司法实践中难以展开。在司法实践中，预防性环境民事公 益诉讼面临着诸多挑战，其中包括司法理念受传统侵权模式的束缚、对重大风险 的认定模糊不清、举证责任的分配不平衡，以及责任承担方式的单一性等问题。 这些弊端严重制约了预防性环境民事公益诉讼在预防环境损害方面的功能发挥， 使其难以实现预期的预防效果。完善预防性环境民事公益诉讼应当在坚持风险预 防原则和比例原则的基础上，突破传统侵权模式的观念，明确重大风险的认定标 准，完善举证责任分配制度，适用因果关系推定规则，同时优化责任承担方式，强化国内禁止令，引进执行监督机构，探索更为灵活的责任承担方式。

China's preventive environmental civil public interest litigation arbitration is still in its infancy, its related theory and institutional design has many deficiencies, resulting in judicial practice is difficult to carry out. In judicial practice, environmental civil public interest litigation arbitration is faced with many challenges, including the judicial concept of the traditional infringement of the binding model, the identification of significant risk of ambiguity, the distribution of the burden of proof is not balanced, as well as a single way of responsibility and other issues. These shortcomings seriously restrict the environmental civil public interest litigation arbitration in the prevention of environmental damage, making it difficult to achieve the expected preventive effect. To improve environmental civil public interest litigation arbitration, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of risk prevention and the principle of proportionality, break through the concept of the traditional tort model, clarify the criteria for the identification of significant risks, improve the system of allocation of the burden of proof, apply the rule of presumption of causality, and at the same time optimize the way of assuming responsibility, strengthen the domestic restraining order, introduce the implementation of the supervisory body, and explore a more flexible way of assuming responsibility.