为对于快速发展的人基因编辑技术和不断涌现的相关新型危害行为作出回应,在积极刑法观理念的倡导下非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪应运而生。刑罚处罚扩大化的同时我们仍应恪守刑法的谦益性原则,需要通过准确认定本罪所保护的法益防止刑法在扩张过程中过度犯罪化。本文首先对本罪的立法背景以及域外关于人生殖系基因组编辑的法规进行梳理,之后对所要保护的法益进行分析,认定本罪所要保护的法益是人类基因科学技术应用的伦理性、安全性和正当性。在此基础上,为更为科学合理的开展基因编辑领域的刑法治理,本文认为应分阶段、分类治理人生殖系基因组编辑行为,应将其分为研究行为和应用行为。经监管部门同意的人生殖系基因组编辑研究行为不在本罪规制范围内,现阶段的人生殖系基因治疗行为和增强型的人生殖系基因编辑行为属于本罪的犯罪行为。

In order to respond promptly to the rapidly developing human gene editing technology and emerging new harmful behaviors, the crime of illegally implanting gene editing and cloning embryos came into being under the advocacy of a positive criminal law concept. While the criminal punishment is expanded, we should abide by the economical principle of criminal law throughout, and it is necessary to prevent the criminal law from being excessively criminalized in the process of expansion by accurately identifying the legal interests protected by this crime. This article firstly sorts out the legislative background of this crime and foreign regulations on human germline gene editing, then analyzes the legal interests to be protected, and determines that the legal interests to be protected by this crime are the ethics, safety and legitimacy of the human genetic science and technology. On this basis, in order to carry out the criminal law governance in the field of gene editing more scientifically and rationally, this paper argues that human germline gene editing should be managed in stages and categories, and divided into research behaviors and application behaviors. This paper believes that the human germline genome editing research behavior approved by the regulatory authorities is not a criminal act of this crime, and the current human germline gene therapy behavior and enhanced human germline gene therapy behavior belong to the criminal behavior of this crime.