本文研究广东省J市R区教育局与中学校长的职权关系问题，采用个案研究法，主要探讨R区教育局与中学校长的职权关系。得出了如下结论：由于体制惯性和地方文化、利益、监督和个人素质的原因，R区教育局和中学校长在职权关系上存在着越位、错位和缺位现象；R区中学校长对教育局存在着较为严重的依赖性，缺乏办学的主动性和创造性，最终导致效率的低下。针对以上问题，本文提出如下建议：R区教育局明确职权范围，调整行政职能；建章立制，提高教育行政人员的执政能力；加强校长培训，提高R区校长综合素质；创建中介性机构，实现R区教育局职能的转变等，旨在提高校长办学的主动性和创造性，提高教育效率，实现学校的可持续发展，进一步提高R区的教育教学质量，推动R区教育事业的蓬勃发展。

The study implies case study method to explore the authority relationship between education administration and headmaster of R district ,J city,Guangdong Province. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the relationship between education administration and headmaster has some problems of offside, off the place and absence due to system inertia, local culture, local interests, local surveillance and individual diathesis. Headmasters rely to education administration too much to run school forwardly and creatively, and result in inefficiency.The study raises some settlements to solve above problems, such as define education administration’s authority clearly to change their administrative functions; set up regulations to enhance administrator’s executive abilities; reinforce headmaster training to improve headmasters’ integrated capabilities; found agencies for education administration to realize its function changes. All these settlements are used to improve headmasters to run school forwardly and creatively, increase education efficiency, realize schools’ continuable development, improve the education and teaching quality of R district.