爱国的本质是对共同体的认同，共同体是指民族国家，所以爱国主义教育本质上是一种民族国家的认同教育。清末以来，随着天下王朝的崩溃，中国也建立起像西方一样的民族国家，但学术界一直争论的问题是，这个民族国家是否真的是如同西方一样的民族国家？这个民族国家是一个政治共同体还是文化共同体？各自的认同基础又是什么？本文也试图从高中政治教材入手，并基于上述问题的答案，对高中政治教材进行话语分析，企图探析高中政治教材中的爱国主义教育是属于何种认同教育。两种认同教育之间有什么张力，解决张力的出路在何处。

The essence of the patriotism is the recognition of the community, which is also referred to as a nation. Therefore, patriotism education is a kind of education approved by the nation. With the collapse of the Qing dynasty, we Chinese built a free nation like western people. However, the question that if the nation we built is really same as the western nation has been a heated topic in the academic world. Is this free nation just a political community or a cultural community? What is the foundation of their identity? Basing on the answer to the above two question, this thesis is an attempt to explore what the patriotism education in the political teaching materials of high school really refer to by analyzing the text book. This thesis also tries to find out the tensions between the two identity education and an approach to solving those tensions.