随着时代的发展，越来越多的女性加入劳动力市场，双职工家庭越来越普遍。面对来自工作和生活的双重压力，父母需要其他人如祖辈或家庭保姆等人参与到幼儿的看护中，加之祖辈比较注重传统的家庭伦理观念，将看护孙辈视为自己应该承担的责任，所以祖辈—父辈共同养育已成为我国普遍的幼儿养育模式。祖辈—父辈共同养育作为家庭系统的重要组成部分，可能会对幼儿情绪适应的发展产生影响。基于此，本研究主要探讨祖辈—父辈共同养育对幼儿情绪适应的影响，以及幼儿气质在其中的作用机制。 本研究以共同养育生态模型和家庭系统理论为基础，主要包括两个部分。其中，研究一采用问卷法和观察法，以145名2-3岁幼儿及其家长为研究对象；研究二采用问卷法，以379名3-6岁幼儿及其家长为研究对象，分别探讨2-3岁幼儿家庭和3-6岁幼儿家庭的祖辈－父辈共同养育对幼儿情绪适应的即时影响，并探究幼儿气质在其中的作用机制。同时采用纵向研究设计，进一步探索祖辈—父辈共同养育对3-6岁幼儿情绪适应的短期影响。 研究结果表明，（1）祖辈—父辈共同养育正向预测2-3岁幼儿社会性情绪，负向预测2-3岁幼儿情绪调节策略。（2）2-3岁幼儿的努力控制可以调节祖辈—父辈共同养育对幼儿社会性情绪和情绪调节策略的影响。当幼儿努力控制较低时，祖辈—父辈共同养育正向预测幼儿社会性情绪，负向预测幼儿情绪调节策略。（3）祖辈—父辈共同养育即时且短期负向预测3-6岁幼儿情绪不稳定性（T1和T2），即时且短期正向预测3-6岁幼儿情绪调节性（T1和T2）。（4）3-6岁幼儿的消极情绪可以调节祖辈—父辈共同养育对幼儿情绪不稳定性（T1和T2）的即时和短期影响，可以调节祖辈—父辈共同养育对幼儿情绪调节性（T2）的短期影响。当幼儿消极情绪较高时，祖辈—父辈共同养育即时且短期负向预测幼儿情绪不稳定性（T1和T2），短期正向预测幼儿情绪调节性（T2）。（5）3-6岁幼儿的外向性可以调节祖辈—父辈共同养育对幼儿情绪调节性（T1）的即时影响，可以调节祖辈—父辈共同养育对幼儿情绪不稳定性（T2）的短期影响。当幼儿外向性较低时，祖辈—父辈共同养育即时正向预测幼儿情绪调节性（T1），短期负向预测幼儿情绪不稳定性（T2）。 为促进幼儿情绪适应的健康发展，祖辈和父辈要树立一致的养育目标，协调养育分歧，在共同养育幼儿的过程中相互支持与认可，营造和谐的共同养育关系。由于每个幼儿气质都有其独特性，祖辈和父辈要根据幼儿的气质采取适当的养育方式，提高家庭教养的拟合度。另外，社区和学前教育机构要向祖辈和父辈传播科学的教养理念和育儿方法，为解决祖辈和父辈的育儿困惑和分歧定期开展指导活动，提升祖辈—父辈共同养育质量。

With the development of the times, more and more women had joined the labor market and dual-worker families were becoming more and more common. Faced with the dual pressures of work and life, parents needed other people such as grandparents or family nannies to participate in parenting children. In addition, most grandparents were influenced by traditional family ethics and considered parenting grandchildren as their own responsibilities. Therefore, grandparents-parents coparenting had been a common mode of children care in China. Grandparents-parents coparenting acted as an important part of the family system that might affect the development of children's emotional adjustment. This study mainly discussed the influence of grandparents-parents coparenting on the emotional adjustment of children and the moderate effect of children’s temperament. This study was based on Ecological Model of Coparenting and Family System Theory, including two parts. Study 1 adopted the questionnaire method and observation method, 145 children aged 2-3 and their parents were the subjects. In Study 2, the questionnaire method was adopted, 379 children aged 3-6 and their parents were the subjects. The two studies examined the influence of grandparents-parents coparenting on children’s emotional adjustment in 2-3 years old children’s families and 3-6 years old children’s families, and explored the moderate effect of children’s temperament. At the same time, a longitudinal study was designed to explore the long-term effects of grandparents-parents coparenting on 3-6 years old children’s emotional adjustment. The research results showed that (1) grandparents-parents coparenting could positively predict 2-3 years old chidren’s social-emotion and negatively predict 2-3 years old children’s emotion regulation strategies. (2) The effortful control of 2-3 years old children moderated the influence of grandparents-parents coparenting on children’s social-emotion and emotion regulation strategies. For children with higer effortful control, grandparents-parents coparenting could positively predict chidren’s social-emotion and negatively predict children’s emotion regulation strategies. (3) Grandparents-parents coparenting could immediately and long-term negatively predict 3-6 years old children’s lability/negativity (T1 and T2) , immediately and long-term positively predict 3-6 years old children’s emotion regulation (T1 and T2). (4) The negative affect of children aged 3-6 could moderate the immediate and long-term effects of grandparents-parents coparenting on children’s lability/negativity (T1 and T2) , and moderate the long-term effects of grandparents-parents coparenting on children’s emotion regulation (T2). For children with higher negative affect, grandparents-parents coparenting could immediately and long-term negatively predict children’s lability/negativity (T1 and T2) , and long-term positively predict children’s emotion regulation (T2). (5) The surgency of children aged 3-6 could moderate the immediate effect of grandparents-parents coparenting on children’s emotion regulation (T1), and moderate the long-term effects of grandparents-parents coparenting on children’s lability/negativity (T2). For children with lower surgency, grandparents-parents coparenting could immediately positively predict children’s emotion regulation (T1), and long-term negatively predict children’s lability/negativity (T2) . In order to promote the healthy development of children’s emotional adjustment, grandparents and parents should establish a consistent parenting goal, coordinate differences in parenting, support and recognize each other in the process of patenting children, and create a harmonious coparenting relationship. Since each child’s temperament had its own uniqueness, grandparents and parents should adopt proper methods of parenting according to the child’s temperament, and improve the goodness of fit. Moreover, the community and preschool education institutions should disseminate the scientific concept of parenting and parenting methods to grandparents and parents, and regularly carry out guidance activities to solve parental confusion and disagreement of grandparents and parents, so as to promote the quality of grandparents- parents coparenting.