知识青年上山下乡，是中华人民共和国建立以来持续时间最长的、一场由官方组织的、群众性运动。这场声势浩大的运动牵涉面极为广泛，社会影响极其深远，它不仅改变了一代青年的人生道路，还牵动了亿万城镇居民的切身利益，当知识青年散布到广大农村后，又使为数众多的农民不同程度地受到他们的影响。 中外学者对这场运动相当关注、并逐步进行了深入的探讨研究，取得了不少的成果。但从总体上看，目前对该事件的研究，集中在对“文革”期间的知青上山下乡的探讨上，对于“文革”前的知青上山下乡研究较少，对于两者的比较研究更是不足，本文将在前人研究的基础之上对“文革”前与“文革”中的知青上山下乡进行比较研究。主要从以下几个方面提出个人见解和论述： 在论文的第一部分主要探讨了知识青年的内涵和知识青年上山下乡这一提法的由来。 论文的第二部分分阶段地回顾了知识青年上山下乡的历史进程，即：“文革”前知识青年上山下乡的进程、“文革”中知识青年上山的进程和“文革”后知识青年上山下乡的进程。 论文的第三部分在分别介绍“文革”前和“文革”中的知识青年上山下乡的历史进程的基础上，对两者进行了比较分析。本人认为知青上山下乡是多种因素合力作用的结果，它开始于“文革”前，又在“文革”中继续发展，有贯穿于其中的基本动因；“文革”前的知青上山下乡与“文革”中的知青上山下乡运动，无论从指导思想上，还是从具体的运行机制上，都有其明显延续性的。但是又由于“文革”前与“文革”中的知青上山下乡发生在不同的社会背景下，它们又各自具有不同的特点，由此产生了不同的结果和历史影响。 论文的第四部分总结了知青上山下乡的积极意义和消极后果，并对“文革”前与“文革”中知识青年上山下乡的意义作了整体的评价。 论文在结语部分对知识青年上山下乡进行了高度概括和简单总结，认为必须正确全面地评价这段历史，总结教训，开拓未来。文章从社会主义新农村建设、当代大学生的就业与成才、人民生活水平的提高、社会矛盾的处理等角度，阐述了知识青年与工农相结合，在今天仍是必要的，但要有正确的结合方式，使知识分子能更好地发挥他们的作用。

The educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages which are organized by Chinese government is the longest campaign since the PRC is founded. This gigantic and vigorous motion involves face extremely broad, social influence is extremely far-reaching. It has not only changed the generation youth’s life road, but also has affected hundreds of millions people's vital interests who live in the city or town .When the educated youth spread at the extensive rural area, many peasants are affected by them on varying degrees. The Chinese and foreign scholar have paid close attention to this campaign, and have been in progress step by step, and got much achievement. In the all, studying at present focus on the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages during the Cultural Revolution, but the study is less about the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages before the Cultural Revolution, the comparison research to the both is furthermore insufficient, this article will do the comparison research about the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages before and in the Cultural Revolution. The main body of this article will bring forward individual view and comments on several aspects. Connotation of the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages and this one wording reason are discussed mainly in Part I of this thesis. In PartⅡof this thesis, the course of the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages has been recollected as the time went by , is: the course of the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages before the Cultural Revolution , the course of the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages during the Cultural Revolution and the course of the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages after the Cultural Revolution. In the Part III of this thesis, the comparison having been in progress to the both on the basis of introducing that the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages before the Cultural Revolution and knowledge youth in the Cultural Revolution. I think that the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages is the result of various factor, it begins before the Cultural Revolution, and continue in the Cultural Revolution, because there are the fundamental reasons running through them. The educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages before the Cultural Revolution and in the Cultural Revolution, disregarding on the guiding ideology or on concrete operating mechanism, All has its is obvious continuously. But since the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages happen under different society background, they have had the different characteristic respectively, and have produced different result and history effect. Active significance and inactive consequence about the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages having summed up in Part IV of this thesis, and have done an entirety valuation with significance about the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages before the Cultural Revolution and in the Cultural Revolution. In the concluding remarks part of this thesis, the educated youth up the mountains and down to the villages have been carried out altitude summarization and the simple summary, think that be obliged to, rightness appraises this phase of history , sums up a lesson , opens up future all round. From construction of a new socialist countryside, the contemporary university students and employment growth and the improvement of living standards, social contradictions processing perspectives on the young students and workers and peasants, and in today is still necessary, But they must have the correct combination of ways in which intellectuals can play their role better.