安乐死作为当代生命伦理研究的重要议题，其道德合法性及伦理依据一直备受争议。佛教伦理和功利主义分别以其独特的道德哲学对安乐死问题提出了不同的观点。本文探讨医疗领域的安乐死问题，首先采取汤姆·比彻姆的观点明确了安乐死的定义，并进行了伦理层面的初步分析，提出积极安乐死和消极安乐死在道德上并无本质差别。随后，文章分别阐述了功利主义和佛教伦理对安乐死的看法。从密尔的功利主义理论出发，探讨了从医生、患者、医疗资源配置、对“滑坡问题”的反对等角度对安乐死的支持观点；基于佛教的解脱论意义上的善恶观，指出生命是一种基本价值，安乐死是出于一种恶的动机，因而是不道德的。最后，本文对佛教伦理和功利主义在安乐死问题上的观点，从死亡与苦难的终结、生命的价值、行为善恶的判断标准（动机、意图和后果）、是否要求自我牺牲四个角度进行了比较和分析，旨在揭示两者在道德决策过程中的差异。

Euthanasia, as an important topic in contemporary bioethics research, has been controversial in terms of its moral legitimacy and ethical basis. Buddhist ethics and utilitarianism each offer different perspectives on the issue of euthanasia with their unique moral philosophies. This article explores the issue of euthanasia in the medical field, first adopting Beauchamp's viewpoint to clarify the definition of euthanasia and conducting a preliminary analysis on the ethical level, suggesting that there is no essential difference between positive euthanasia and negative euthanasia in terms of morality. The article then describes the utilitarian and Buddhist ethical perspectives on euthanasia, respectively. Starting from Mill's theory of utilitarianism, it explores the supportive views of euthanasia from the perspectives of doctors, patients, medical resource allocation, and opposition to the “slippery slope problem”; based on the Buddhist view of good and evil in the sense of the doctrine of liberation, it proposes that life is a fundamental value, and that euthanasia is immoral because it is motivated by a kind of evil. Finally, the paper compares and analyzes the Buddhist ethical and utilitarian views on euthanasia from four perspectives, namely, the end of death and suffering, the value of life, the criteria for judging the goodness of an act (motivation, intention, and consequences), and whether or not self-sacrifice is called for, with the aim of revealing the differences between the two in the process of moral decision-making.