民国是一个政治上动荡，思想上争鸣的时期，民国的教科书可谓是百家齐放、异彩纷呈。因此，民国教科书一直是教育界研究的热点话题，许多研究者将教科书发展与时代背景联系起来，对民国教科书发展、教材出版机构等方面做了详细的研究，本文则另辟蹊径，从语文教科书选文入手，选择民国时期小学语文教科书中儿童文学选文进行分析和论述。这样一方面可以充实民国小学语文儿童文学选文的理论研究，另一方面可以引发对现在小学语文教科书中儿童文学选文的思考。全文共分四章：第一章，绪论，简略介绍了民国初小语文教科书儿童文学选文研究的目的、意义和相关的文献综述。第二章，研究设计，呈现研究的目标、内容、对象和方法。第三章对教科书中儿童文学选文选编、主题、情节进行分析。选文选材多源，选编方法和呈现方式多样。主题呈启智到怡情再到启智、怡情、教化兼顾的演变趋势；情节呈枯燥单调向有趣丰富的演变趋势。第四章借鉴与反思，对民国时期小学语文教科书儿童文学选文的选编情况进行总结，值得借鉴之处有：知识与情趣兼顾；传统与现代相融；作品改编的多样化呈现；多元文化共存，具有国际视野；重视情节的形象化、多样化探索。有待反思的问题有：主题种类的多样化、主题理解的多层化、希冀经典作品的原作呈现。

During the Early Republic of China , the political queasiness and contention of thoughts were reflected in the field of education .Chinese Textbooks in Primary-school of the Early Republic was like that all flowers bloomed together and came forth . Therefore, the textbooks of the Early Republic of China have been a focus in the field of education research. Many researchers connected the background of that time with the development of textbook, and they did a detailed study of the development of the textbook and the Publishing house of the Republic of China . Based on this, this academic research attempts to start the children’s literature works of the Chinese textbooks , and this academic analysis and discuss the children’s literature works of this period. On the one hand , this research can enrich theories ; on the other hand , it may be thinking about the story in primary school textbooks works. This research includes the following four parts :Chapter one introduced briefly the research purpose, research content, research meaning, research methods in the primary of early Republication and the relative literature review.The second Chapter is the Study design that presents the research objectives, contents, objects and methods.The third Chapter analyzed the arrangement of the textbooks，the theme and the plots. There were many channels of choosing the children's literature textbooks and different kinds of ways of arrangement and presenting. The evolution trend of the theme changed from the enlightenment to delight to wit, to enlightenment. And the evolution trend plot changed from the boring to the interesting.The last Chapter is the reference and reflection part. It summarized the stories primary school works during the period of Republic of China. This research points out some advantages and the existing defects in the study, and finally looks into the distance to the further research.