随着经济体制转轨和企业用人机制的改革，福利工厂纷纷裁员或倒闭，以前的国家强制指令性安置办法已经行不通，许多成年孤儿失业或不能就业，不得不继续依赖福利机构供养，成年孤儿的就业问题已经成为儿童福利机构的难题和孤儿救助工作的瓶颈。这个难题不克服，不仅会增加福利机构的工作负担，而且长此以往有可能引发一些社会问题，影响和谐社会的建设进程。基于此，研究者以成年孤儿的就业作为研究领域，并且应用社会网络理论作为本研究的理论基础。 本研究为定性研究，选取山西省大同市社会福利院为调研地点，以对成年孤儿的个案访谈为主，同时辅以简单的数据收集分析。访谈是开放式的，被访者根据自身的真实经历进行讲述，内容比较生动充实。后期又对几位被访者进行了电话追谈。最终，研究者选取了四个典型个案放入文章中，运用社会网络理论中的弱关系力量和强关系力量假设，对个案中成年孤儿求职时利用的诸多关系进行了尽可能的区分和比较。实证得出了三点结论：其一，农村寄养家庭可以为成年孤儿就业提供最基础性的保障支持，同时家庭教育会间接影响孤儿成年后的求职心态和路径选择。其二，福利院为许多成年孤儿就业提供了重要帮助，是成年孤儿可以依赖的的强关系、资源丰富的中间人以及利益代言人。其三，大多数成年孤儿倾向于依靠社会网络寻求工作，反映出成年孤儿制度性就业援助渠道的缺失或失灵。针对以上以上三点结论，研究者也分别提出了相关得政策建议。

As the economic system transformation and the reform of enterprises and employment mechanism, many welfare factories have to lay off staff or close down , many adult orphans are unemployed or unable to employment, the unemployment of adult orphans has become a problem of child welfare agencies. Not overcome this problem will not only increase the burden of the work of welfare agencies, and could lead to some social problems affecting the process of building a harmonious society. Based on this, the researchers ultimately selected adult orphans of employment as areas of research and theory in a comparative analysis of employment-related basis, and ultimately select the social network theory as the theoretical basis for this study.Qualitative research for this study was selected at Datong welfare institution in Shanxi Province,for the cases of adult orphans mainly interviews, supplemented by analysis of simple data collection. The interviews are open-ended, and the respondents according to their own experiences to tell the truth, are more lively and enriching. The latter also had a telephone number of the respondents to talk about recovery. Ultimately, the researcher selected four typical cases and puted them into the article, using social network theory in the relationship between the strength of the weak and strong ties between the strength of assumptions in the case of adult orphans employment relationship between the use of many of the distinction between possible and compared. The study come to four points conclusions: First, the fost families in rural areas can provide the adult orphans most basic support. Second, the welfare institution helped the adult orphans as well as strong ties and the spokesman for interests and the middleman. Third, the system of employment-help assistance to orphans of the missing or malfunctioning channel. In view of the above three points above conclusions, the researchers put forward the relevant policy recommendations。