农为邦本，本固邦宁。党中央 国务院高度重视关系国计民生根本性的农业农村农民（“三农”）问题，坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重。自2004年起，中央一号文件连续19年聚焦“三农”工作，坚持农业农村优先发展。食为政首，谷为民命。农业是经济发展、社会安定、国家自立的基础。然而，当前我国农业“大而不强、多而不优”，农户生产经营规模小，组织化程度较低，“小生产与大市场”的矛盾依然明显；存在“利益联结机制不完善，产业转型升级任务艰巨，农业社会化服务体系不健全，创新能力总体不强”等亟待解决的现实问题。

创新是引领发展的第一动力。创新驱动是产业发展的关键因素和动力源泉，能够延伸产业链条，促进产业规模扩张、产业结构升级，加快产业转型升级改造。产业组织是产业创新活动的主体，承担着产业创新的主要任务。有效率的产业组织是提高我国农业产业竞争力的关键所在，促进我国现代农业发展和提高农业产业竞争力的根本是农业产业组织创新。农业产业组织创新的生成、动力和扩散机制相互作用、相互影响，共同推动农业产业组织不断优化升级与创新发展。现有针对我国农业产业组织创新的相关研究，主要从其概念内涵、动因、目标及模式（形式）进行了有益探索，然而针对我国农业产业组织创新及扩散机制的研究较少，尚未全面揭示我国农业产业组织创新的生成、动力和扩散机制机理。那么，我国农业产业组织创新是如何生成的、为何要创新以及组织创新产生后如何扩散，是本研究试图回答的核心问题。可以细化为以下三个具体问题：（1）新中国成立至今，我国农业产业组织创新发展历程是怎么样的？有哪些演进特征与演变规律？（2）我国农业产业组织创新是如何发生的？为何要创新？有哪些创新主体？创新背后的逻辑又是什么？（3）我国农业产业组织创新后如何扩散？创新扩散有哪些特征？影响创新扩散的因素有哪些？

因此，本研究基于创新理论和三螺旋理论、制度变迁理论和制度适应理论、创新扩散理论构建分析框架，依次开展我国农业产业组织创新演变历程、创新机制及扩散机制的理论与实证研究。首先，基于创新理论，运用政策文本分析法归纳我国农业产业组织创新发展历程、演进特征与演变规律，并运用博弈论方法分析我国农业产业组织创新行为主体演化博弈均衡策略。其次，基于制度变迁理论和制度适应理论，结合政策文本和文献计量分析剖析我国不同阶段的农业产业组织创新的生成机制和动力机制，运用三螺旋创新理论阐述了农业产业组织的创新主体，并构建基于“小农户”的农业产业组织创新“四螺旋”模型。最后，基于创新扩散理论，剖析我国不同阶段农业产业组织创新扩散的机制类型，并运用政策文献计量和定性比较分析（QCA）方法，实证分析我国农业产业组织的创新扩散的特征和影响因素。通过上述分析，研究发现：

（1）新中国成立至今我国农业产业组织的创新发展的历程可分为：初创和探索阶段（1949-1978年）、主导地位形成和快速发展阶段（1978-1997年）、整体繁荣阶段（1997-2013年）、改革和调整阶段（2013年至今）四个时期。农业产业组织创新是政府在农业生产经营领域因势利导，有意识地消除现阶段农业产业组织的不适应性，进一步整合农业产业内市场关系，进而促成规模经济和有效竞争的制度变迁过程。改革开放前，农业生产合作社和人民公社是建立在小农户土地公有公营基础上的“集体化、大生产”的农业产业组织创新。改革开放后，农户家庭承包经营、农业产业化组织经营、农民专业合作社、家庭农场及新型农业经营主体都是建立在小农户土地公有私营制基础上的农业产业组织创新，其中：农民专业合作社是带领小农户进入大市场的组织创新；农业产业化经营组织是带动小农户、合作社、龙头企业利益联结，促进一二三产业融合的组织创新；家庭农场是促进小农户转型升级的组织创新；新型农业经营主体是带动小农户开展规模化、集约化生产经营，进而实现适度规模经营的组织创新。（2）我国农业产业组织创新从制度变迁的方式来看，在改革开放前以政府主导的强制性变迁为主，改革开放后以政府引导的诱致性变迁为主；形成计划经济内自上而下的强制性变迁逐步退出，过渡到与市场经济内在要求相一致的需求诱致型变迁方式。农业产业组织创新在改革开放前 30 年的艰难探索中，中央政策的制定存在一定偏差，缺少强制性与诱致性（中央与地方）互动，制度缺乏适应性；在改革开放后中央政策的制定与执行得到调整，进行了强制性与诱致性（中央与地方）互动，充分利用了制度的互补性，中央能够积极回应个体和地方的制度需求，提供制度供给，实施渐进且广泛的改革与创新，制度具备较强的适应性。（3）农业产业组织创新扩散机制方面，改革开放前的农业产业组织创新扩散以“自上向下”纵向强制扩散为主，改革开放后的农户家庭承包经营是“自下向上”纵向诱致扩散典范。之后形成的农业产业化经营组织、农民专业合作社、家庭农场及新型农业经营主体等农业产业组织创新扩散方式以“自下向上”纵向诱致扩散与横向“学习、竞争、模仿”扩散联动为主，既发挥了诱致性扩散交易成本低、风险小的特点，也利用了强制性制扩散的规模效益大的优势。农业产业组织创新扩散方向包括中央政府对地方政府“自上向下”及地方政府间“平行扩散”；影响创新扩散的因素不仅包括中央政府高位推动，还包括地方政府支持及基础设施等环境因素。

      本研究的理论意义体现在丰富了农业产业组织创新动力机制的研究视角，拓展了农业产业组织创新的生成机制，完善了农业产业组织创新的扩散机制。实践意义表现为有利于对农业产业组织创新的政策制定提供政策启示；有利于促进小农户有机衔接现代农业发展，推动现代农业产业体系建设；有利于加快农业现代化的进程，促进乡村振兴战略的有效实施。本研究的创新之处在于：（1）丰富了农业产业组织创新的概念内涵。本研究系统梳理了农业产业组织创新的概念界定，系统剖析了新中国成立至今我国不同阶段农业产业组织创新发展的演变历程，总结归纳了其演进特征与演变规律，进一步丰富了农业产业组织创新的内涵。（2）拓展了农业产业组织创新的研究视角。一是现有对农业产业组织创新动力机制的研究，大多从农林经济管理视角基于产业组织理论（SCP）展开分析，本研究从公共管理视角基于制度适应理论，阐释了我国农业产业组织创新是为了调合“政策文本与实际情景”不适应而产生的，拓展了农业产业组织创新的动力机制研究。二是本研究从组态效应的视角考察了影响农业产业组织创新扩散的因素组合，拓展了创新扩散理论和 TOE 框架在定量研究之外的因果解释力。（3）促进了三螺旋理论在农业产业领域的指导与修正。本研究在归纳我国农业产业组织创新演变规律基础上，基于三螺旋创新理论，构建农业产业组织创新的“四螺旋（政-企-研-小农户）”模型，拓展了农业产业组织创新生成的分析路径，促进了三螺旋创新理论在我国农业产业领域创新驱动的指导及修正。

Agriculture is the foundation of the state, and the foundation is solid. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the agricultural and rural peasant ("Sannong") issues that are fundamental to the national economy and people's livelihood, and insist on solving the "Sannong" issues as the top priority of the Party's work. Since 2004, the No. 1 Central Document has focused on the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" for 19 consecutive years, and insisted on giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas. Food is the leader of the government, and grain is the life of the people. Agriculture is the foundation for economic development, social stability, and national self-reliance. However, at present, my country's agriculture is "big but not strong, too many but not excellent", farmers' production and operation scale is small, and the degree of organization is low, and the contradiction between "small production and large market" is still obvious; The task of transformation and upgrading is arduous, the agricultural socialization service system is not perfect, and the overall innovation capability is not strong” and other practical problems that need to be solved urgently.

Innovation is the first driving force for development. Innovation-driven is the key factor and power source of industrial development, which can extend the industrial chain, promote industrial scale expansion, industrial structure upgrading, and accelerate industrial transformation, upgrading and transformation. Industrial organization is the main body of industrial innovation activities and undertakes the main task of industrial innovation. Efficient industrial organization is the key to improving the competitiveness of my country's agricultural industry, and the foundation of promoting the development of modern agriculture in my country and improving the competitiveness of agricultural industry is the innovation of agricultural industry organization. The generation, driving force and diffusion mechanism of agricultural industrial organization innovation interact and influence each other, and jointly promote the continuous optimization, upgrading and innovative development of agricultural industrial organization. Existing related researches on the innovation of my country's agricultural industrial organization mainly make useful explorations from its conceptual connotation, motivation, goals and models (forms). The generation, power and diffusion mechanism of agricultural industrial organization innovation.

Then, how the organizational innovation of my country's agricultural industry is generated, why it is necessary to innovate, and how the organizational innovation will spread after it is generated, are the core questions that this study attempts to answer. It can be subdivided into the following three specific questions: (1) How has the innovation and development process of my country's agricultural industry organizations been since the founding of the People's Republic of China? What are the characteristics and laws of evolution? (2) How did my country's agricultural industrial organization innovation happen? Why innovate? Who are the innovators? What is the logic behind innovation? (3) How will my country's agricultural industrial organization spread after innovation? What are the characteristics of innovation diffusion? What are the factors that affect the diffusion of innovation?

Therefore, this study builds an analytical framework based on innovation theory and triple helix theory, institutional change theory and institutional adaptation theory, and innovation diffusion theory. First, based on the innovation theory, the policy text analysis method is used to summarize the innovation development process, evolution characteristics and evolution laws of my country's agricultural industry organizations, and the game theory method is used to analyze the evolutionary game equilibrium strategy of the innovation actors of my country's agricultural industry organizations. Secondly, based on the theory of institutional change and institutional adaptation, combined with policy texts and bibliometric analysis, it analyzes the generation mechanism and dynamic mechanism of agricultural industrial organization innovation in different stages in my country, and uses the triple helix innovation theory to expound the innovative subject of agricultural industrial organization, and constructs "Four-helix" model of agricultural industrial organization innovation based on "small farmers". Organizational innovation "four helix" model. Finally, based on the theory of innovation diffusion, this paper analyzes the mechanism types of innovation diffusion of agricultural industrial organizations in different stages in my country, and uses policy bibliometrics and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) methods to empirically analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of innovation diffusion of agricultural industrial organizations in my country. Through the above analysis, the study found:

(1) The process of innovation and development of my country's agricultural industrial organizations since the founding of New China can be divided into: start-up and exploration stage (1949-1978), dominant position formation and rapid development stage (1978-1997), overall prosperity stage (1997 -2013), reform and adjustment stage (2013 to present) four periods. The innovation of agricultural industrial organization is a process of institutional change in which the government takes advantage of the situation in the field of agricultural production and operation, consciously eliminates the incompatibility of the agricultural industrial organization at this stage, further integrates the market relationship within the agricultural industry, and then promotes economies of scale and effective competition. Before the reform and opening up, agricultural production cooperatives and people's communes were innovative agricultural industrial organizations of "collectivization and large-scale production" based on the public ownership of small farmers' land. After the reform and opening up, farmers' household contract management, agricultural industrialization organization management, farmers' professional cooperatives, family farms and new-type agricultural management entities are all innovative agricultural industry organizations based on the public and private ownership of small farmers' land. Among them: farmers' professional cooperatives are Organizational innovation that leads small farmers to enter the big market; organizational innovation of agricultural industrialization is an organizational innovation that drives the interests of small farmers, cooperatives, and leading enterprises, and promotes the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries; family farms are organizational innovations that promote the transformation and upgrading of small farmers; new The main body of agricultural management is to drive small farmers to carry out large-scale and intensive production and operation, and then realize the organizational innovation of moderate-scale operation.

(2) my country's agricultural industrial organization innovation From the perspective of institutional changes, before the reform and opening up, the government-led mandatory changes were the main, and after the reform and opening up, the government-led induced changes were the main; The mandatory change under the market economy gradually withdraws, and transitions to the demand-induced change mode that is consistent with the inherent requirements of the market economy. In the difficult exploration of agricultural industrial organization innovation in the first 30 years of reform and opening up, there were certain deviations in the formulation of central policies, lack of interaction between coercion and inducement (central and local), and the lack of adaptability of the system; after the reform and opening up, the formulation of central policies and the The implementation has been adjusted, the interaction between coercive and inductive (central and local) has been carried out, and the complementarity of the system has been fully utilized. The system has strong adaptability.

(3) In terms of the innovation diffusion mechanism of agricultural industrial organizations, the innovation diffusion of agricultural industrial organizations before the reform and opening up was dominated by "top-down" vertical forced diffusion, while the farmer household contract management after the reform and opening up was a "bottom-up" vertical induced diffusion. model. The agricultural industrialization management organizations, farmers' professional cooperatives, family farms, and new agricultural management entities that have been formed since then, are mainly based on the "bottom-up" vertical induced diffusion and horizontal "learning, competition, imitation" diffusion linkage. It not only takes advantage of the low transaction cost and low risk of induced diffusion, but also takes advantage of the large scale benefit of mandatory diffusion. The direction of innovation diffusion of agricultural industrial organizations includes “top-down” from the central government to local governments and “parallel diffusion” among local governments; factors that affect innovation diffusion include not only the central government’s high-level promotion, but also environmental factors such as local government support and infrastructure.

The theoretical significance of this research is reflected in enriching the research perspective of the innovation dynamic mechanism of agricultural industrial organization, expanding the generating mechanism of agricultural industrial organization innovation, and improving the diffusion mechanism of agricultural industrial organization innovation. The practical significance is shown in that it is conducive to providing policy inspiration for the policy formulation of agricultural industrial organization innovation; it is conducive to promoting the organic connection of small farmers to the development of modern agriculture and the construction of modern agricultural industrial system; it is conducive to accelerating the process of agricultural modernization and Promoting the effective implementation of rural revitalization strategy.

      The innovations of this study are: (1) It enriches the conceptual connotation of agricultural industrial organization innovation. This research systematically sorts out the concept definition of agricultural industrial organization innovation, systematically analyzes the evolution process of agricultural industrial organization innovation development in my country at different stages since the founding of New China, summarizes its evolution characteristics and evolution laws, it further enriches the connotation of agricultural industrial organization innovation.(2) Expanded the research perspective of agricultural industrial organization innovation. First, the existing research on the dynamic mechanism of agricultural industrial organization innovation is mostly analyzed from the perspective of agricultural and forestry economic management and based on the theory of industrial organization (SCP). This study is based on the theory of institutional adaptation from the perspective of public management. It is caused by the incompatibility of "policy text and actual situation", which expands the research on the dynamic mechanism of agricultural industrial organization innovation. Second, this study examines the combination of factors affecting the innovation diffusion of agricultural industrial organizations from the perspective of configuration effects, and expands the causal explanatory power of innovation diffusion theory and TOE framework beyond quantitative research. (3) It promotes the guidance and revision of triple helix theory in the field of agricultural industry. On the basis of summarizing the evolution law of agricultural industrial organization innovation in my country, and based on the triple helix innovation theory, this research constructs the "four helix (government-enterprise-research-small farmers)" model of agricultural industrial organization innovation, and expands the innovative generation of agricultural industrial organization. The analysis path promotes the innovation-driven guidance and revision of the triple helix innovation theory in my country's agricultural industry.