京津冀城市圈是中国发展的重要增长极，在为经济发展带来新动力的同时，工业资源消耗过大和环境污染严重也成为制约其发展的主要因素。在京津冀协同发展、绿色发展的背景下，基于产业链的视角评价京津冀城市工业绿色效率，研究影响京津冀地区工业绿色发展的关键行业和影响因素，对于实现京津冀绿色协同发展意义重大。

本研究拓宽以往侧重分析单一或部门的“传统绿色效率”。借鉴多区域投入产出模型构建产业链资源消耗和碳排放测算模型。在此基础上，借助非径向、非导向的基于松弛测度的方向性距离函数（DSBI）构建了包含经济、资源、环境三个维度的京津冀绿色发展评价模型。利用2012年京津冀城市群多区域投入产出表和京津冀13个城市工业分行业工业增加值、能源消费量、二氧化碳排放数据，对京津冀城市工业分行业传统绿色效率和协同绿色效率进行测度。其中，传统绿色效率采用各城市工业行业统计数据测度；协同绿色效率衡量的是产业链视角下各行业的绿色发展效率，采用产业链能耗和二氧化碳测度。根据各行业提供的间接能耗，识别确定了京津冀地区工业协同绿色发展的“根基行业”。借助面板模型考察了技术创新、产业集聚度、资本劳动结构、企业数量、行业规模对京津冀城市工业行业传统绿色效率、协同绿色效率的影响，并区分根基行业、非根基行业，高技术行业、非高技术行业进行影响因素的异质性检验。

传统绿色效率测度结果显示，从整体情况来看，北京市整体工业绿色发展水平最高，天津次之，河北省处于最末位。期望产出的无效率是导致无效率的主因。绿色发展水平最差的3个城市分别是邢台、唐山和石家庄，均位于河北省。分行业来看，绿色效率排名前5的行业分别为仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业、其他制造业、计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业、燃气及水的生产与供应业、纺织服装鞋帽皮革羽绒及其制品业；排名最差的5个行业是化学工业、煤炭开采和洗选业、非金属矿物制品业、金属冶炼及压延加工业和电力、热力的生产和供应业，均为高污染、高排放企业，行业增加值占比达京津冀地区增加值总和的39.34%，规模体量大、污染耗能高，对京津冀城市绿色发展带来不利影响。

协同绿色效率反映的是基于产业链能源和环境足迹的绿色发展情况。结果显示各城市协同绿色效率偏低，期望产出无效率是主因。三省（市）协同绿色效率排名从高到低依次为：河北省、天津市、北京市，河北省间接能耗和间接碳排放低是其协同绿色效率居于首位的原因。效率值最低的城市为石家庄、邯郸和唐山，未达到京津冀协同绿色发展均值。分行业来看，协同绿色效率水平前5位的行业依次为金属矿采选业、非金属矿及其他矿采选业、仪器仪表及文化办公用机械制造业、燃气及水的生产和供应业、石油和天然气开采业，以燃料和原材料供应部门居多。协同绿色发展排名最末的5个行业分别为电气机械及器材制造业、电力、热力的生产和供应业、交通运输设备制造业、金属制品业、通用专用设备制造业，大部分位于产业链下游。

根基行业集中于5类行业，分别是：化学工业、电力、热力的生产和供应业、金属冶炼及压延加工业、石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业、煤炭开采和洗选业，均为燃料和原材料部门，大部分为高耗能行业，地区分布均集中在河北省。

从影响因素分析来看，技术创新不仅能提升京津冀单一行业绿色效率，更能通过产业关联为京津冀协同绿色发展创造空间；企业数量对京津冀城市工业绿色协同发展有显著的负向影响；产业集聚对单一行业绿色效率有显著负向影响；行业规模对京津冀协同发展存在显著负面影响；资本劳动结构转向资本密集型会带来工业结构重型化倾向，对京津冀单一行业和整体绿色发展有不显著的负面影响。

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban circle is an important growth pole for China's development. While bringing new impetus to economic development, excessive consumption of industrial resources and serious environmental pollution have also become the main factors restricting its development. Under the background of coordinated development, it is of great significance to study the of green development in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. So this study based on the perspective of the industrial chain, evaluates the industrial green efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities, and studies the key industries and influencing factors that affect the industrial green development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 

This study broadens the previous focus on analyzing the "traditional green efficiency" of a single or department. Use the multi-regional input-output model for reference to construct the industrial chain resource consumption and carbon emission estimation model. On this basis, with the help of a non-radial and non-oriented directional distance function, a green development evaluation model for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region including economy, resources and environment is constructed. Using the 2012 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration multi-regional input-output table and the industrial value-added, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city, the traditional green efficiency and collaborative green efficiency are measured. Among them, the traditional green efficiency is measured by the statistical data of the industrial industries of each city, and the collaborative green efficiency uses the energy consumption and carbon dioxide measurement of the industrial chain. Based on the indirect energy consumption provided by various industries, the "foundation industries" for the coordinated green development of industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region have been identified. With the help of the panel model, the influence of technological innovation, industrial agglomeration, capital labor structure, number of enterprises, and industry scale on the traditional green efficiency and collaborative green efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban industrial industry are investigated.

The traditional green efficiency measurement results show that Beijing has the highest level of overall industrial green development, followed by Tianjin, and Hebei Province is the last. The inefficiency of expected output is the main cause of inefficiency. The three cities with the worst levels of green development are Xingtai, Tangshan and Shijiazhuang, all of which are located in Hebei Province. In terms of industries, the top 5 industries for traditional green efficiency are Instrument and meter, other manufacturing, electronic equipment, gas and water production and supply, clothing, leather, fur, etc. The last 5 industries are chemical industry, coal mining, nonmetal products, metallurgy, electricity and hot water production and supply. These five industries are characterized by large scale and high pollution and energy consumption, which added value accounts for 39.34% of the total value added.

Collaborative green efficiency reflects the green development level based on the energy and environmental footprint of the industrial chain. The result shows that the level of collaborative green development is poor, and the main reason is inefficiency of expected output. The top 3 provinces are Hebei, Tianjin and Beijing. Hebei Province's indirect energy consumption and indirect carbon emissions are the reasons why its collaborative green efficiency ranks first. The last 3 cities are Shijiazhuang, Handan and Tangshan, which have not reached the average. In terms of different industries, the top 5 industries are metal mining, nonmetal mining, Instrument and meter, gas and water production and supply, petroleum and gas, most of which belong to the raw material supply department. The bottom 5 industries of collaborative green development are electrical equipment, electricity and hot water production and supply, transport equipment, metal products, general and specialist machinery.

The basic industries are concentrated in five industries: chemical industry electricity and hot water production and supply, metallurgy, petroleum and gas, coal mining. The regional distribution is concentrated in Hebei Province.

The analysis results of influencing factors show that technological innovation can not only improve the green efficiency of a single industry in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, but also can create space for the collaborative green development. The number of enterprises has a significant negative impact on the collaborative green efficiency. Industrial agglomeration has a significant negative impact on the traditional green efficiency and the collaborative green efficiency. The scale of the industry has a significant negative impact on the collaborative green development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The shift of capital labor structure to capital-intensive will bring about the tendency of heavy industrial structure, which will have an insignificant negative impact.