在社会经济快速发展，城市化进程不断推进的背景下，水资源供需矛盾日益突出，水环境健康对于保障水资源安全至关重要。沉积物作为水生态系统的重要组成部分，对水生态系统的健康起着关键的作用。污染物可在沉积物中累积，使沉积物成为污染物的汇，在一定条件下，污染物又可从沉积物中向上覆水体释放，使沉积物成为污染物的源，引起上覆水体水质恶化。污染物在水体沉积物中的累积是一个复杂的过程，受到众多因素的影响，本文以河流沉积物为研究对象，选取阿布胶河流域和公庄河流域两个典型小流域为研究区，对河流沉积物中的无机污染物的累积特征及其影响因素展开研究，通过实验测定和数据分析，主要得到以下结论： （1）与国内其它地区沉积物中的总氮总磷浓度相比，本文两个研究区的沉积物中总氮浓度处于中等水平，但总磷浓度处于较高水平。沉积物中的总磷含量随深度体现的变化规律比总氮显著，在阿布胶河流域沉积物中的总磷含量总体呈现随深度增加而减少的趋势，在公庄河流域，总磷含量出现了一个大幅度的上升，并有一个明显的峰值。总氮含量在两个流域的沉积物中随深度的变化规律都不明显。 （2）公庄河流域的重金属污染重于阿布胶河流域。阿布胶河流域沉积物重金属污染较轻，Cd、Cu、Pb浓度均值都超出当地土壤背景值，有一定累积效应，但都低于国家二级标准；Cd总量上存在中等至较高风险等级，从形态上存在轻度释放风险，Pb在形态上存在中度释放风险。公庄河流域沉积物的重金属污染相当严重，As、Cd、Cu、Pb四种重金属浓度都高于当地土壤背景值，且Cd和Pb都显著超过了国家二级标准；Cd在总量和形态上都处于极高的风险水平，Pb在总量上处于低风险水平，但在形态上的释放风险处于极高水平。 （3）从空间尺度上进行分析，发现阿布胶河流域较高的耕地面积比例可能导致其沉积物氮磷污染更为严重，而公庄河流域较高的建筑用地面积比例，反映出其较高的城镇化水平，可能是公庄河流域的沉积物重金属污染更为严重的原因；两个流域的降雨差异和径流量差异对河流无机污染物沉积中并不起主要作用。 （4）从时间尺度上进行分析，发现河流无机污染物的沉积对流域内的农业开发及耕地面积增长有明显响应，TP沉积通量与农业面源磷污染负荷相关性良好，TP、Cu和Pb的沉积通量变化趋势与流域内的耕地增长趋势吻合。2000年以后阿布胶流域下游大量湿地开垦为水田，可能是导致大量重金属Cu流失并进入河流沉积物的原因，但下游地区湿地向水田的转变并没有给下游带来突出的磷素输入。多年降雨量和径流量与河流无机污染物沉积通量的相关系数低，相关性性较小。

With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous progress of urbanization, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is increasingly prominent. The health of water environment is essential for ensuring the safety of water resources. When pollutants accumulate in sediment, sediment is a sink of pollutants. When pollutants release from sediment to overlying water in certain condition and lead to deterioration of water quality, sediment becomes a source of pollutants. The accumulation of pollutants in sediment is a complex process, which is affected by many factors. Taking river sediments as the research object and selecting Abujiao River watershed and Gongzhuang River watershed as research area, this article researched about the vertical distribution characteristics and influence factors of inorganic pollutants in river sediment. By experimental measurement and data analysis, we mainly got following results: （1）Comparing with other domestic research areas, the total nitrogen concentrations in sediment from the two watersheds were in the middle level and total phosphorus concentration were in a relative high level. The trend of total nitrogen concentration in sediment with depth was more significant than that of total phosphorus concentration in sediment. The concentration of total phosphorus showed an overall tendency to decrease with the increase of depth in Abujiao River watershed and showed a significant increase and a distinct peak in Gongzhuang River watershed. Total nitrogen in sediment did not show significant trend with depth in both watersheds. （2）The heavy metal pollution in Gongzhuang River watershed was heavier than that in Abujiao River Watershed. The heavy metal pollution in sediment from Abujiao River was relative light. The average concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb were higher than the local background values of soil and showed cumulative effect. However, they were all below the national secondary class standard. In terms of total amount, Cd pollution was in a medium to high risk level. In terms of forms, Cd had slight release risk and Pb had moderate release risk. In Gongzhuang River watershed, heavy metal pollution of sediment was very serious. The average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu and Pb were all higher than the local soil background values and the concentrations of Cd and Pb were exceeded the national secondary class standard. In terms of total amount, Cd pollution was in extremely high risk level. In terms of forms, Cd and Pb both had extremely high release risk. （3）According to analysis in spatial scale, we found that higher proportion of arable land in Abujiao River watershed might be the cause of its heavier nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of sediment. The higher proportion of building land in Gongzhuang River watershed, that reflected its higher urbanization level, might be the reason of its heavier heavy metals pollution of sediment. The difference of precipitation between two watersheds was not a significant influence factor for inorganic pollutants accumulation in sediment. And so was the difference of runoff between two watersheds. （4）According to analysis in time scale, we found that the accumulation of inorganic pollutants in river responded significantly to agricultural reclaim and the increase of arable land in Abujiao River watershed. The correlation of the sedimentation flux of total phosphorus and its non-point source loss load is relatively high (R2=0.600 and 0.664). The increase in sedimentation flux of total phosphorus, Cu, and Pb were in aligned with the increase in arable land. The alternation in the land use of the lower-reach of Abujiao River watershed from natural wetland to paddy field probably has led to the massive loss of Cu to the river sediment. However, it has not brought significant phosphorus input to the lower-reach. The correlation coefficient between precipitation and sedimentation flux of inorganic pollutants was small, which indicated their low relevance.