在新一轮课程改革和考试评价制度改革不断推进的背景下，开放性试题在以学科核心素养为本的教学和评价中愈发体现出其独特优势。本文在充分考察已有研究和试题的基础上，从情境创设、问题设计和评价标准三个维度明确了高考历史开放性试题所具有的一般性特征，并在近五年高考历史试卷中选取了不同类型的开放性试题进行分析，总结开放性试题的考查实效，揭示高考历史试题走向全题型开放的命题趋势。在试题分析的基础上，本文针对开放性试题在教、学、评各个关键环节中的应用给出了实质性建议和原创案例分析，力图呈现一条以开放性试题分析与应用为手段、以核心素养培养与考查为旨归的教学改进路径。

Under the background of the continuous advancement of the new reform of curriculum and examination system, the open test questions increasingly reflect their unique advantages in the teaching and evaluation based on the key competencies. On the basis of fully investigating the existing research and test questions, this paper clarifies the general characteristics of the open test questions in the college entrance examination of history from the three dimensions of situation creation, problem design and evaluation criteria, then selects and analyzes different types of open test questions in the history test papers of the college entrance examination in the past five years to summarize the effectiveness of the open test questions and reveal the opening trend of the whole question types of the history test questions. On this basis, this paper gives substantive suggestions and original cases analysis on the application of open test questions in the key links of teaching, learning and evaluation, trying to present a teaching improvement path based on the analysis and application of open test questions as well as the cultivation and examination of the key competencies.