作为国家公共政策的产物，专利法规在传统上具有严格的地域性。而随着经济全球化和知识数字化浪潮的加速，产业分工已成常态，商品的组装、制造、行销不再局限于单一法域，故专利跨境侵权行为亦呈现攀升趋势。是否应该调整专利法规的地域性，乃至使之具有域外效力，以避免侵权者逃脱法律追责便成为一大议题。
      就国际知识产权法的发展而言，专利权的地域性正逐步淡化。在专利法规的域外适用问题上，主要发达国家试图主动扩大专利法规的效力范围，实现对跨境侵权行为的规制。其中，美国是在专利法中明文确立域外效力，以规制境外组装、境外制造等境外行为的典型代表，其司法实践中积累了大量可资参考的案例。同时，近年来美国专利法域外适用的范围不断扩张，对别国企业的规制愈加明显。相较之下，我国专利法规中尚无关于域外效力的依据，在司法裁判上的规则亦未明晰。本文通过回顾立法过程、分析法条要件和研究司法判例等方式，梳理美国专利法域外适用的相应规则，对其特点作出评价，并将其与英国、德国和韩国的实践相对比。以期能为我国应对美国专利法域外适用，并构建我国专利法规的域外适用制度提供参考。
      第一部分概述专利法规的地域性和域外适用。从专利权的形成起笔，解析其地域性的含义和表现形式，以及知识产权国际条约对专利权地域性的影响，指出其处于淡化历程当中。并阐明专利跨境侵权的界定和对地域性的挑战，进一步分析知识产权法域外效力的扩张。
      第二部分说明我国对于规制专利跨境侵权行为的现状。在立法状况上着眼于总结直接和间接侵权行为的规制方式、判断规则和域外适用连结点。在司法状况上分析涉及跨境要素的典型案例。指出我国现行法规在域外适用时存在法律规范不明确和缺少示范案例两大问题。
      第三部分分析美国专利法的域外适用制度。结合对司法案例的解读，回顾其立法过程，阐述法规内容，及分析法条构成要件。
      第四部分评价美国专利法域外适用的特点及带来的启示，并将其与英国、德国和韩国的实践相对比。阐明美国专利法的域外适用制度源于弥补间接侵权制度的法律漏洞，分析其间接侵权制度之间的关联和区别。指出美国法院具有主动扩大专利法域外效力的倾向，其效力范围已经延伸至允许专利权人就境外损失获得赔偿。并以比较法的视角，介绍其他普通法系和大陆法系国家的经验。
      第五部分提出构建我国专利法规域外适用制度的建议。包括说明建立的必要性及在运用过程中应当遵循的风险预防、审慎适用、国际礼让和部门协调原则。在此基础上，提出建立我国专利法规域外适用制度的路径。

    As a product of national public policy, patent laws traditionally possess strict territoriality. However, with the acceleration of economic globalization and the digitalization of knowledge, the division of labor in industries has become the norm, and the assembly, manufacturing, and marketing of goods are no longer confined to a single legal jurisdiction. Consequently, the incidence of cross-border patent infringement has shown an increasing trend. Whether there should be an adjustment to the territorial nature of patent laws, or even extend their effect beyond national borders to prevent infringers from escaping legal accountability, has become a major issue.
    As international intellectual property law has evolved, the territoriality of patent rights has gradually diminished. Regarding the extraterritorial application of patent laws, major developed countries have been actively attempting to expand the scope of their patent laws to regulate cross-border infringement activities. Among them, the United States stands out for explicitly establishing the extraterritorial effect in its patent laws, aiming to regulate overseas activities such as assembly and manufacturing abroad, and has accumulated a significant number of referenceable cases in its judicial practice. Moreover, in recent years, the scope of extraterritorial application of U.S. patent law has been continuously expanding, imposing stricter regulations on foreign enterprises. In contrast, China's patent laws currently lack a basis for extraterritorial effect, and the rules for judicial rulings are not clear. This article reviews legislative processes, analyzes legal provisions, and studies judicial cases to sort out the relevant rules of extraterritorial application of U.S. patent law, evaluates its characteristics, and compares it with the practices in the UK, Germany, and South Korea. The goal is to provide guidance for China to respond to the extraterritorial application of U.S. patent law and to establish an extraterritorial application system for China's patent laws.
    The first part provides an overview of the territoriality and extraterritorial application of patent laws. Starting from the formation of patent rights, it analyzes the meaning and forms of territoriality and the impact of international intellectual property treaties on the territoriality of patent rights, noting that they are in a process of attenuation. It also clarifies the definition of cross-border patent infringement and its challenge to territoriality, further analyzing the expansion of the extraterritorial effect of intellectual property law.
    The second part describes the current state of China's regulation of cross-border patent infringement. In terms of legislative status, it focuses on summarizing the regulatory methods, judgment rules, and extraterritorial application connections for direct and indirect infringement actions. In terms of judicial status, it analyzes typical cases involving cross-border elements. It points out two major problems in the extraterritorial application of China's existing regulations: the lack of clear legal norms and the absence of exemplary cases.
    The third part analyzes the extraterritorial effectiveness of U.S. patent law. By interpreting judicial cases, it reviews the legislative process, elaborates on the content of the regulations, and analyzes the components of the legal provisions.
    The fourth part evaluates the characteristics of the extraterritorial application of U.S. patent law and the insights it brings, and compares it with the practices in the UK, Germany, and South Korea. It clarifies that the extraterritorial application system of U.S. patent law originates from the need to address legal loopholes in the indirect infringement system, analyzing the connections and differences between these systems. It highlights the tendency of U.S. courts to expand the extraterritorial effectiveness of patent law, with its scope now extending to allowing patent holders to obtain compensation for overseas losses. From a comparative law perspective, it introduces the experiences of other common law and civil law countries.
    The fifth part proposes recommendations for establishing an extraterritorial application system for China's patent laws. This includes explaining the necessity of establishment and the principles of risk prevention, prudent application, international comity, and inter-departmental coordination that should be followed in the process. Based on this, it proposes a pathway for establishing an extraterritorial application system for China's patent regulations.